The study examined the influence of promotional strategies on the performance of Nigerian banks. Survey research design was adopted in the study. A population of 120 top staff of UBA and Zenith bank was used in the study. The total population was used as the sample size of the study. Questionnaire was used as instrument of data collection and the data collected were analyzed using five scale likert and simple percentage. Chi-square was used to test the hypotheses. From the analysis, result showed that utilization of promotional strategies by banks highly improves their performance rate and that enables the bank to grow significantly. The finding also indicated that promotional strategies adopted by banks encourage customers deposit level and increases the rate of deposit as well as encouraging banks patronage hence, contributing to growth and performance of the bank. Based on the result, the study recommend that Banks that do not utilize promotional strategies should adopt and use them for better performance in their bank while those that are already making use of promotional strategies should also alternate or use other forms of promotional strategies different from what they use to have in order to increase the number of their customers and help retain them.

This study investigated the causal relationship between fiscal policy and private investment in Nigeria (1986-2019) using secondary data from Statistical bulletin of Central Bank of Nigeria. The research work used the Granger Causality techniques to test the causal relationship between the independent variables (Tax revenue, Oil revenue, Total expenditure and Public debt) on the dependent variable (Private Investment) while VAR was used to test the short run relationship. The study found that fiscal policy instruments granger causes private investment in Nigeria within the period of the study. The study therefore advocates that Government should as necessity fully liberalized or privatized NNPC and the Power sector as these critical sectors will help the growth of the private sectors and reduce unemployment in the country. Nigerian Government ought to increase its spending on infrastructure, especially capital projects in the economy in order to bridge infrastructure gap in the country. Provision of tax incentives to private sectors by the Government should be encouraged, as this will help the growth of private investment in the country. Also, restructuring of the economy by manufacturing what we need should be encouraged by government because exporting commodity (raw material) means exporting jobs.

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The theorists of financial liberalization believed that the removal of government control in the operation of the financial system will lead to the development of the system which thus translates to the economic growth of a given economy. However, over the past three decades that the policy was implemented in Nigeria, the financial sector still cannot mobilize the required funds for public and private investment; hence the economy still remained grossly undeveloped. In view of this therefore, this study was designed to examine the effectiveness of financial liberalization in economic growth of Nigeria from 1970 to 2020. The required data for the study were sourced from various sources including Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Annual Reports, and the World Bank Development Indicators among others. To eliminate the problem of spurious regression in the study, the technique of Phillips-Perron unit root test was employed. In addition, the long-run equilibrium relationship in the exogenous series was tested with the ARDL Bounds Test. More so, the Diagnostics tests of Jarque-Bera, Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM and Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey were also employed to test normal distribution, autocorrelation and Heteroskedasticity in the data, while Wilcoxon Test Statistic investigated the change in the pre and post deregulation periods. The findings revealed that official exchange rate and one period lag of real interest rate are positively and significantly related to the economic growth, while real interest rate without lag has negative and significant relationship on the economic growth of Nigeria. It was further revealed that credit to private sector and inflation rate have negative coefficients. Lastly, the study showed a significant change in gross domestic product per capita and official exchange rate in the pre- and post-liberalization peiods. We therefore recommend that a holistic reform that will strengthen the entire Nigerian financial system should be carried out immediately, in addition to creating enabling macroeconomic environment that will make private investment to thrive.

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