Mine closure practices have continued to improve over the last few decades; however, across the industry rehabilitation outcomes continue to fall short of community expectations. While examples of successful rehabilitation exist, there are still limited examples of mines closing, relinquishing, and transitioning to another land use. Barriers to relinquishment such as residual risk, land transfer liability, and limited next land use options are compounded by the lack of legislated mine relinquishment policy. Broader mine closure policy has evolved significantly over the last few decades in Australia, with recent changes in some states enhancing mandates requiring progressive rehabilitation and financial assurance mechanisms in an effort to continue to improve mine closure outcomes. Government authorities with legislative powers to report and influence rehabilitation activities in Queensland and Victoria are also considered a positive mine closure policy direction. Despite these recent legislative developments there is still no multi-agency regulatory policy framework integrating mine closure and relinquishment in any Australian jurisdiction. This article explores how recent mine closure policy changes in Australia could be used by policy makers to enable relinquishment in the future and provides recommendations for an integrated multi-agency relinquishment policy framework.

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There are several ways to realize a wide-band MFP process. The data may be processed in the frequency domain, one frequency at a time, and then incoherently or coherently integrated over the band. Alternatively, the data may be processed in the time domain, by matching modeled correlations (e.g., calculated using a ray trace model) with measured correlations. Auto correlations at a single sensor or interelement cross correlations can be used. We compare the frequency-domain and time-domain approaches with respect to array configuration requirements, sensitivity to array element location errors, and sensitivity to environmental mismatch. We demonstrate our findings using simulated and experiment data.

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