This paper draws on open‐ended interviews of managers to characterize two distinct types of part‐time employment in service industries. “Secondary” part‐time employment displays the typical characteristics of a secondary labor market; “retention” part‐time jobs are primary labor market jobs. Some predictions of this model are tested on Current Population Survey data.

No abstract

The global economic crisis that exploded in 2008 dramatically changed the context for international migration. In that context, this review article addresses four related questions about migration from poor to rich countries. First, what has been the impact of the global recession on patterns of international migration? Second, to what extent do recession-induced changes in migration offer evidence in the debate among competing explanations of migration? Third, has the recession heightened the marginalization of migrants? Fourth, to what extent have nations responded to the recession by regulating migration in new ways? Findings include reduced migration flows in the recession, evidence for both economic and social explanations, little evidence in unemployment rates for further marginalization of migrants and limited movement toward added migration restrictions.

We investigated changes in skill requirements and the effects of these changes on Black men's access to entry-level jobs, using open-ended interviews of managers at 56 firms in four industries. Managers reported that due to heightened competitive pressure, “soft skills”—particularly motivation and ability to interact well with customers and coworkers—are becoming increasingly important. Many managers view Black men as lacking in these soft skills. This helps to explain Black men's growing disadvantage in labor markets.

No abstract