COVID-19 is a multifaceted disease with respiratory failure as a common manifestation. SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks respiratory epithelial cells via adhesion to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2), patients may develop a mild to severe inflammatory response and acute lung injury. Several reports suggest that many patients appear to show less respiratory effort and experience less dyspnea when exposed to acute respiratory failure and hypoxemia, a phenomenon called “happy hypoxia” or “silent hypoxemia”. This causes COVID-19 patients to be unaware of the hypoxemia in their bodies and fail to seek help which leads to death. The purpose of this study is to discover the process of Happy Hypoxia in COVID-19 patients. The materials and methods used are literature reviews with data from PubMed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The keywords were Happy Hypoxia OR Silent Hypoxemia AND COVID-19 OR Coronavirus Disease. This literature study addresses potential pathways that may be associated with this interesting clinical feature. The hypothesis is that SARS-CoV-2 can cause nerve damage to the cortico-limbic tissue and alter dyspnoea perception and respiratory control. Future research will bring opportunities and advances in the study of the mechanism of hypoxia induced by COVID-19Key Words: Happy Hypoxia, Silent Hypoxemia, COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease. Abstrak: COVID-19 merupakan penyakit multifaset dengan kegagalan pernafasan sebagai manisfestasi yang umum. SARS-CoV-2 terutama menyerang sel epitel pernafasan melalui adhesi ke Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2), pasien mengembangkan respon inflamasi ringan hingga parah dan cedera paru akut. Beberapa laporan menunjukkan banyak pasien menunjukkan upaya pernapasan dan dispnea yang lebih sedikit saat terkena gagal pernapasan akut dan hipoksemia, sebuah fenomena yang disebut “happy hypoxia” atau “silent hypoxemia ". Hal ini menyebabkan pasien COVID-19 tidak sadar akan hipoksemia yang terjadi pada tubuh mereka sehingga mereka tidak mencari pertolongan dan dapat berakhir dengan kematian. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui proses terjadinya Happy Hypoxia pada penderita COVID-19. Materi dan metode yang digunakan berbentuk literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan database PubMed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu Happy Hypoxia OR Silent Hypoxemia AND COVID-19 OR Coronavirus Disease. Studi literatur ini membahas jalur potensial yang mungkin terkait dengan fitur klinis yang menarik ini. Hipotesis yang berkembang adalah bahwa SARS-CoV-2 dapat menyebabkan kerusakan saraf pada jaringan kortiko-limbik dan kemudian mengubah persepsi dispnea dan kontrol pernapasan. Penelitian lanjut di masa depan akan membuka peluang dan kemajuan dalam studi mengenai mekanisme sentral hipoksia yang diinduksi COVID-19.Kata kunci: Happy Hypoxia, Silent Hypoxemia, COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease.
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