Objetivo. Detectar la presencia del gen ermB asociado a la resistencia a macrólidos en cepas de Campylobacter spp. aisladas de pollos comercializados en Lima, Perú. Métodos. Se analizaron 120 muestras de piel de pollo provenientes de tres mercados de los distritos de San Martín de Porres (n = 30), Santa Anita (n = 20) e Independencia (n = 70), ubicados en la Provincia de Lima, Perú. Se realizó el análisis microbiológico de las muestras según las recomendaciones de la norma ISO 10272-1:2017. Para la confirmación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, por sus siglas en inglés) de género y especie, se utilizaron los cebadores (primers) 16-rARN y GlyA e hipO, respectivamente. Para evaluar la sensibilidad antibiótica, se utilizó el agar Müller-Hinton sangre al 5% con sensidiscos de azitromicina (15 μg) y eritromicina (15 μg). La detección del gen ermB en cepas con fenotipos resistentes se realizó mediante PCR convencional. Resultados. Se obtuvo un total de 117 muestras positivas (97,5%), de las cuales 100% fueron compatibles con Campylobacter coli (prueba de hipurato negativa) y confirmadas por PCR. La evaluación de resistencia antibiótica en placa para azitromicina y eritromicina dio como resultado 100% de cepas con fenotipo de resistencia a estos macrólidos, mientras que la PCR para la detección del gen ermB indicó un total de 62 positivas (53%), que fueron confirmadas por secuenciamiento. Conclusiones. Estos resultados demuestran que las carcasas de pollo comercializadas en mercados de Lima presentan contaminación por C. coli con una alta resistencia a macrólidos, lo cual puede ser atribuido a la presencia del gen ermB.
Background: In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence, tetracycline resistance and presence of Tet(O) in Campylobacter strains isolated from chicken in markets of Lima, Peru. Methods: A total of 250 chicken samples were obtained from traditional markets (skin, n = 120) and supermarkets (meat, n = 130). Samples were subjected to microbiological assays for identification of Campylobacter spp. according to ISO 10272-2017, and the isolates were then submitted to species identification by PCR. Phenotypic resistance to tetracyclines was assessed by the Kirby–Bauer test, and the presence of the Tet(O) gene was determined by PCR. Results: A significantly higher prevalence (p < 0.0001) of Campylobacter coli in skin samples from traditional markets (97.5%) than in meat samples from supermarkets (36.2%) was observed. On the other hand, Campylobacter jejuni was confirmed only in 3.1% of meat samples. All Campylobacter species isolated from skin and meat samples were phenotypically resistant to tetracyclines; however, the presence of the Tet(O) gene in C. coli was identified in 76.9% and 66.0% of skin and meat samples, no significant statistical difference (p = 0.1488) was found between these prevalence. All C. jejuni isolated from chicken meat samples from supermarkets were positive for Tet(O) gene. Conclusions: This study confirms the high prevalence of C. coli isolated from chicken sold in traditional markets and supermarkets in Lima, Peru, and in more than 70% of these strains, phenotypic resistance to tetracyclines could be linked with expression of the Tet(O) gene. It is necessary to evaluate other genes involved in resistance to tetracyclines and other groups of antibiotics in campylobacter strains isolated from chicken meat.
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