banery system. Because of the complexity of battery system, accurate representation of the input and output parameters has proven to be v e y important. This paper describes these initial feasibility studies as well as the current models and makes comparisons between predicted and actual pe$ormance. IntroductionWe have initiated an effort to reduce design and manufacturing defects, as well as the time and cost for product realization through the use of advanced design and production technologies. Historically, battery development has relied heavily on a very pragmatic "build and test" approach to demonstrate that a particular design can meet the requirements of an application. Due to the time-intensive nature of the testing that is needed, this point design approach is expensive and typically has difficulty responding to changing or divergent sets of requirements. Power source performance and manufacturing models will alleviate these problems, and provide enhanced capability for evaluating product performance, reliability, and life. The availability of advanced design tools will also facilitate product improvements by linking specific design features with desirable performance attributes. In order to accomplish this, an infi-astructure of proven models, tools, and processes will be necessary. Toward this end, we are implementing a model-based design approach for power sources, beginning with model development for some types of lithium ambienttemperature batteries.

We investigate the reliability of a rechargeable battery acting as the energy storage component in a photovoltaic power supply system. A model system was constructed for this that includes the solar resource, the photovoltaic power supply system, the rechargeable battery and a load. The solar resource and the system load are modeled as siochastic processes. The photovoltaic system and the rechargeable battery are modeled deterministically, and an artificial neural network is incorporated into the model of the rechargeable battery to simulate dariage that occurs during deep discharge cycles. The equations governing system behavior are solved simultaneously in the Monte Carlo framework and a frrst passage problem is solved to assess system reli,ibility.

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