Computing the average Von Mises stress of Finite Element Models to obtain a single measurement that represents the relative strength of vertebrate structures has been used recently in different works in palaeobiology. However, due to the nature of the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) data, which depends on the size of the elements of the mesh, this approach needs to be fully developed taking into account this influence of the size elements in the results. In this work, we proposed a Mesh-Weighted Arithmetic Mean as the adequate central tendency statistic for non-uniform meshes. On the other hand, when other statistical tools are used, we propose a Quasi-Ideal Mesh that takes into account the differences in size of the elements. Firstly, in order to analyse our proposed approach, one Cingulata mandible has been used generating different meshes. Afterwards, FEA has been applied in a case study in 20 different mandibles belonging to 14 species of Cingulata. Our results suggest that the proposed methodologies are suitable to compare different patterns of stress distribution. In particular, the methods proposed have been shown to be extremely useful when analysing the biomechanics of vertebrate bone structures that can be modelled as planar models in an interspecific comparative framework.
La investigación actual en materiales compuestos tiende a sustituir materiales tradicionales por plásticos reforzados con fibras naturales, FN, con fines económicos de producción y reutilización eco-amigable. Los compuestos verdes han incrementado sus aplicaciones en la industria automotriz y de la construcción debido sus buenas propiedades mecánicas. La presente investigación se basa en la caracterización del material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzada con cascarilla de arroz, CCA. Se analizó en dos condiciones; el CCA Tipo-A en su condición natural, y el CCA Tipo-B, cascarilla cortada en forma longitudinal. Se aplicaron a cada tipo de fibra una estratificación manual por compresión y distintas fracciones volumétrica (CCA al 12%, 14.5% y 17%) con el fin de obtener el mejor material. Se eligió al Gypsum importado, CCG, como un material con fines comparativos para evidenciar la mejoría. Los resultados revelan que el CCA Tipo-B al 17% presentó una resistencia a la tracción y flexión superior, el módulo de elasticidad fue de 7955 MPa y el módulo de flexión 3772, siendo respectivamente 16 y 8 veces mayor. Se empleó simulación por elementos finitos (MEF) para comparar resultados obtenidos con la experimentación real. Finalmente se verificó por SEM su capacidad de adherencia, su distribución y defectología.
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