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Quantitative deflectometry is a new tool to measure specular surfaces. The spectrum of measurable surfaces ranges from flat to freeform surfaces with steep slopes, with a size ranging from millimeters to several meters. We illustrate this by several applications: eye glass measurements, measurements of big mirrors, and in-line measurements in ultra-precision manufacturing without unclamping of the sample. We describe important properties of deflectometry and compare its potentials and limitations with interferometry. We discuss which method is superior for which application and how the potential of deflectometry may be developing in the future.

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We introduce a novel concept for motion robust optical 3D sensing. The concept is based on multiline triangulation. The aim is to evaluate a large number of projected lines (high data density), in a large measurement volume, with high precision. Implementing all those attributes at the same time principally allows for the "perfect" single-shot 3D movie camera (our long-term goal). The key problem toward this goal is ambiguous line indexing: we will demonstrate that the necessary information for unique line indexing can be acquired by two synchronized cameras and a back projection scheme. The introduced concept preserves high lateral resolution, since the lines are as narrow as the sampling theorem allows. No spatial bandwidth is consumed by encoding of the lines. In principle, the distance uncertainty is only limited by shot noise and coherent noise. The concept can be also advantageously implemented as a hand-guided sensor with real-time registration, for a complete and dense 3D acquisition of complicated scenes.