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The article contains sections titled: 1. General Production Methods 1.1. Microbial Production 1.1.1. Organism and Enzyme Synthesis 1.1.2. Strain Improvement 1.1.3. Physiological Optimization 1.1.4. The Fermentor and its Limitations 1.1.5. Process Design 1.1.6. Modeling and Optimization 1.1.7. Instrumentation and Control 1.2. Isolation and Purification 1.2.1. Preparation of Biological Starting Materials 1.2.1.1. Cell Disruption by Mechanical Methods 1.2.1.2. Cell Disruption by Nonmechanical Methods 1.2.2. Separation of Solid Matter 1.2.2.1. Filtration 1.2.2.2. Centrifugation 1.2.2.3. Extraction 1.2.2.4. Flocculation and Flotation 1.2.3. Concentration 1.2.3.1. Thermal Methods 1.2.3.2. Precipitation 1.2.3.3. Ultrafiltration 1.2.4. Purification 1.2.4.1. Crystallization 1.2.4.2. Electrophoresis 1.2.4.3. Chromatography 1.2.5. Product Formulation 1.2.6. Waste Disposal 1.3. Immobilization 1.3.1. Definitions 1.3.2. History 1.3.3. Methods 1.3.3.1. Carrier Binding 1.3.3.2. Cross‐linking 1.3.3.3. Entrapment 1.3.4. Characterization 1.3.5. Application 2. Discovery and Development of Enzymes 2.1. Enzyme Screening 2.1.1. Overview 2.1.2. Natural Isolate Screening 2.1.3. Molecular Screening 2.1.4. Environmental Gene Screening 2.1.5. Genomic Screening 2.1.6. Proteomic Screening 2.2. Protein Engineering 2.2.1. Introduction 2.2.2. Application of Protein Engineering in Academia and Industry 2.2.3. Outlook

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