Pioneering scholarship links retrospective childhood conditions to mature adult health. We distinctively provide critical evidence with prospective state-of-the-art measures of parent income observed multiple times during childhood in the 1970s to 1990s. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we analyze six health outcomes (self-rated health, heart attack, stroke, life-threatening chronic conditions, non-life-threatening chronic conditions, and psychological distress) among 40- to 65-year-olds. Parent relative income rank has statistically and substantively significant relationships with five of six outcomes. The relationships with heart attack, stroke, and life-threatening chronic conditions are particularly strong. Parent income rank performs slightly better than alternative prospective and retrospective measures. At the same time, we provide novel validation on which retrospective measures (i.e., father’s education) perform almost as well as prospective measures. Furthermore, we inform several perennial debates about how relative versus absolute income and other measures of socioeconomic status and social class influence health.
We recently presented evidence showing that cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) promotes periodontal ligament (PDL) cell migration, proliferation, expression of bone, and cementum-matrix proteins and mineralisation. In other words, it induces PDL precursor cells commitment toward a cementoblast-like cells phenotype. The intracellular signalling pathways involved in cementoblast differentiation and mineralisation have not been well characterised. JNK and p38 protein kinases (MAPKs) are intracellular signalling pathways and key mediators of cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. Since signalling pathways involving MAPKs have been associated with osteoblastic phenotype, in this study we investigated the effect of hrCEMP1 and mineralising media containing b-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid on the activation of p38-MAPK and JNK-MAPK in cementoblast-like cells. Our results show that mineralising media and hrCEMP1 induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK kinases. Mineralising media containing hrCEMP1 increased the activation of p38-MAPK and its translocation to the cell nucleus; increased phosphorylation of JNK-MAPK and induced the phosphorylation of the protein C-JUN. We also demonstrate that hrCEMP1 regulates the expression of BSP, OCN, and ALP specific activity. We found that hrCEMP1 and mineralising media promote nodule formation. These findings give an insight into the signalling pathways activated by hrCEMP1 and suggest likely components of the mechanisms that regulate the formation and regeneration of cementum and surrounding connective tissues.
Als einziger Papst vor dem 20. Jahrhundert hat Papst Pius II., mit weltlichem Namen Enea Silvio Piccolomini (1405?1464), eine autobiographische Schrift, die Commentarii de rebus a se gestis hinterlassen und sich selbst damit ein literarisches Denkmal gesetzt. Dabei war die Ausgangslage alles andere als günstig: Der Kongress von Mantua, zu dem Pius alle christlichen Fürsten eingeladen hatte, um über einen Kreuzzug gegen die Türken zu debattieren, war so gut wie gescheitert, und auch die Kämpfe gegen die aufständischen Barone des Königreichs Neapel schienen kein gutes Ende zu nehmen. Umso eindrücklicher ist die Erzählung, die sich auf den Seiten der Commentarii entspinnt und dem Leser tiefe Einblicke in die politische Agenda des Papstes gewährt und seine persönliche Sicht der Dinge vermittelt.
Christian Guerra legt in seiner Studie dar, wie der Papst sich der antiken römischen Historiographie bediente, um der Geschichte seiner eigenen Zeit eine Deutung und ein narratives Gewand zu verleihen. Der Autor analysiert dazu historiographische und biographische Narrative und untersucht den Einsatz moralischer Exempla, die Erzählstrategien bei Schlachtbeschreibungen, das Verhältnis von annalistischer und monographischer Erzählweise und die Lebensentwürfe des sozialen Aufsteigers, des Fürsten und des Nachahmers Christi. In die Analyse werden erstmals neben Caesars Commentarii de bello Gallico und Vergils Aeneis weitere Intertexte systematisch einbezogen und auf ihre makrostrukturellen Implikationen für die Narration hin untersucht. Dadurch eröffnen sich neue Perspektiven auf einen zentralen Text des italienischen Quattrocento.
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