Preoperative management of patients with Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic patients have a higher probability of being operated than the general population. Perioperative hyperglicemia is associated with the development of postoperative infections and cardiovascular complications. An adequate glycemic control reduces the risk for these complications. Therefore, the evaluation of preoperative hyperglicemia and target organ damage is of utmost importance among diabetic patients who will be subjected to surgical procedures. According to the results obtained, glycemic control can be optimized with dietary and pharmacological interventions.
Preoperative pharmacological management of hypertensive patientsThe proportion of older hypertensive patients that require a surgical procedure has increased in the last years. These patients require a through preoperative assessment, considering the medications in use, laboratory and images. An adequate pharmacological management of patients with hypertension in the perioperative period will prevent cardiovascular complications. Therefore the health care team must assure that patients with hypertension will be operated in optimal conditions. Key words: Hypertension, preoperative assessment, medications. ResumenLa hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad con alta prevalencia en la población chilena, llegando a casi el 75% en el grupo de mayores de 65 años. En el ámbito quirúrgico, el número de pacientes de edad mayor y que padecen hipertensión arterial ha aumentado significativamente, lo que nos obliga a realizar una adecuada y detallada evaluación preoperatoria del paciente hipertenso con el fin de conocer su condición al momento de la cirugía, los medicamentos antihipertensivos que utiliza y solicitar los exámenes de laboratorio y/o de imágenes necesarios. Una adecuada asesoría al paciente respecto al manejo de su medicación antihipertensiva preoperatoria pretende disminuir las complicaciones en todo el período perioperatorio, tanto por su suspensión como por su mantención. De esta forma se busca establecer las medidas que permitan al paciente enfrentar el procedimiento quirúrgico en las mejores condiciones posibles.Palabras clave: Hipertensión arterial, manejo preoperatorio, medicamentos antihipertensivos.
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