This paper pursues three objectives. First, it seeks to identify the determinants of performance of German motion pictures in terms of cinema admissions and producers’ rates of return. Second, against the background of heavy subsidization of the German film industry, it discusses two types of subsidy allocation: committee principle allocation and reference principle allocation. Third, the profitability of the industry is considered as the presumed economic non-viability of the industry constantly recurs in the public debate as an argument for subsidies. Copyright Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005German movies, motion picture, industry, subsidies,

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This article traces the growth of nationalism in Germany. Nation and nationalism shall be looked as modern phenomena whose roots can be traced back to pre-modern times. During the fifteenth and sixteenth century, this development intensified when the discourse on ‘nationes’ — the Latin term for nation — became more and more exclusive ‘modern’ nationalism emerged between 1740 and 1830. This period has long been known as a time of dramatic upheaval marked by the decline and disintegration of the old Holy Roman Empire, the development of civil society, the Enlightenment, and its mental, cultural, and political repercussions from the decreasing cohesion of the Christian confessions to the development of liberalism. This article traces the growth of nationalistic thoughts that shaped the growth of nationalism in Germany. The beginnings of nationalism followed by its dissemination are carefully chronicled in this article.

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