We examine whether having previously been self-employed is a negative signal on the job market. In a UK field experiment where two applications of otherwise equally qualified individuals were sent out in response to the same vacancies in human resource management, we find that entrepreneurs systematically receive fewer responses than non-entrepreneurs. Empirical studies that treat market wages as the opportunity cost of remaining self-employed are therefore likely to overestimate alternative earnings to entrepreneurship.

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The paper details the research and corresponding implementation and testing steps of the FLEXOP demonstrator aircraft. Within the EU funded project an unmanned demonstrator aircraft is built to validate the mathematical modelling, flight control design and implementation side of active flutter mitigation. In order to validate the different methods and tools developed in this project, a flight test campaign is planned, in which the design and manufacturing of stiff wings (-0), are compared with very flexible wings (-1) with active flutter control, to see the overall benefit vs. risk of such technology. The mathematical models of the aircraft are first developed using FEM and CFD tools, what are later reduced by model order reduction techniques. The high-fidelity models are updated using Ground Vibration Test results. Manufacturing tolerances and variations in aircraft parameters are captured by systematic modelling of parametric and dynamic uncertainties. Both the simulation environment and the control design framework use different modelling fidelity, what are described within the paper. Reduced models are developed using two distinctive methods, respecting the control design needs: top-down balanced LPV reduction and bottom-up structure preserving methods. Based on the reduced order models various control design techniques have been elaborated by the consortium partners. In particular DLR developed and implemented a modal control method using H2 optimal blends for inputs and outputs. University of Bristol developed structured H-infinity optimal control methods, while SZTAKI proposed a worst-case gain optimal method structured controller synthesis method handling parametric and complex uncertainties. After the brief introduction of hardware-in-the-loop test setup and the description of mission scenarios the implementation issues of the baseline and flutter controllers are discussed. DLR and SZTAKI flutter controllers are evaluated in a hybrid software-/ hardware-in-the-loop test setup as at this stage of development the latter can not tolerate the estimated delay of the hardware system but their comparison is advantageous before future developments. Recommendations on active flutter mitigation methods are given based on the experience of synthesis and implementation of these controllers. Flight test results will follow these experiments, once the flight testing of the flutter wing commences.

The idea of the EU funded FLEXOP project is to raise efficiency of a currently existing wing by derivative solution with higher aspect ratio at no excess structural weight. In order to enable such a resulting highly flexible wing the project goal is to develop methods for active suppression of flutter and passive load alleviation. The developed methods will be tested and validated with a UAV flutter demonstrator. The demonstrator is a 7m wingspan, 65kg MTOW UAV equipped with a jet engine. It features three different wing pairs. The first wing is a stiff design reference case, which is flown to get the baseline measurements for comparison. The second one is a wing designed very flexible specifically for active flutter control. The third wing is aeroelastically tailored for gust load alleviation. The paper describes the results of the aeroelastically tailored wing compared to the baseline reference wing.