The expression of ten tuberculosis candidate genes in lung and lymph nodes of cynomolgus macaques vaccinated and experimentally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was quantified. The expression of TNFα, IL10, IL1β, TLR4, IL17, IL6, IL12, and iNOS in the lungs of vaccinated animals was higher than that of non-vaccinated animals.

No abstract

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Biometrika Trust is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Biometrika. SUMMARYIn observational studies some confounders may be unknown and therefore omitted from the analysis while others are adjusted for. Approximations to the functions defining the relationship between the parameters in the full and reduced models are proposed leading to asymptotic bias estimates. Numerical calculations for logistic and Poisson regression models show good agreement between asymptotic and simulation bias. A data set containing the relationship between low birth weight and smoking (Hosmer & Lemeshow, 1989) is used as an illustration.

Latinx families may be particularly vulnerable to emotional dysfunction, due to higher rates of economic hardship and complex social influences in this population. Little is known about the impact of environmental stressors such as unmet social needs and maternal stress on the emotional health of Latinx children from low-income families. We conducted secondary analyses using survey and biomarker data from 432 Latinx children and mothers collected in a separate study. We used binomial and multinomial logistic regression to test if household social needs, or maternal perceived stress or hair cortisol concentration (HCC), predicted child measures of emotional functioning or child HCC, independent of relevant sociodemographic factors. Approximately 40% of children in the sample had symptoms consistent with emotional dysfunction, and over 37% of households reported five or more social needs. High perceived maternal stress predicted higher odds of child emotional dysfunction (OR = 2.15; 95% CI [1.14, 4.04]; p = 0.01), and high maternal HCC was positively associated with high child HCC (OR = 10.60; 95% CI [4.20, 26.74]; p < 0.01). Most individual household social needs, as well as the level of household social need, were not independently associated with child emotional dysfunction or child HCC. Our findings begin to define a framework for understanding emotional health, stress, and resilience when caring for Latinx children and mothers living with high levels of social need, and the need for integrated mental health and social needs screening and interventions in settings that serve this population.