The one saith, This is my son that liveth, and thy son is the dead; and the other saith, Nay; but thy son is the dead, and my son is the living. And the king said, Bring me a sword. And they brought a sword before the king. And the king said, Divide the living child in two, and give half to the one, and half to the other. -1 Kings 3:23-25

first and second authors contributed equally to this publication  AN showed Duchenne smiles for shorter durations than BN and HC participants. AN participants' Duchenne smiles were less intense than those of BN and HC. Reduced Duchenne smile was related to low BMI, and use of medication. Results provide further evidence of difficulties in emotion processing in AN. AbstractA large body of research has associated Eating Disorders with difficulties in socioemotional functioning and it has been argued that they may serve to maintain the illness. This study aimed to explore facial expressions of positive emotions in individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) compared to healthy controls (HC), through an examination of the Duchenne smile (DS), which has been associated with feelings of enjoyment, amusement and happiness . Sixty participants (AN=20; BN=20; HC=20) were videotaped while watching a humorous film clip. The duration and intensity of DS were subsequently analysed using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Ekman and Friesen, 2003). Participants with AN displayed DS for shorter durations than BN and HC participants, and their DS had lower intensity. In the clinical groups, lower duration and intensity of DS were associated with lower BMI, and use of psychotropic medication.The study is the first to explore DS in people with eating disorders, providing further evidence of difficulties in the socio-emotional domain in people with AN.

No abstract

HighlightsWhite matter hyperintensity volume in association and projection tracts was related to memory in older adults.The relationship of WMH volumes in association and projection tracts with cognition was specific to memory, and not to a global cognition measure that excluded memory.Within projection tracts, WMH volumes affecting the anterior thalamic and the corticospinal tracts were most reliably associated with poorer memory.Within association tracts, WMH volume affecting the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the uncinate fasciculus were most reliably associated with poorer memory.

The World Professional Association for Transgender Health's "Standards of Care: The Hormonal and Surgical Sex Reassignment of Gender Dysphoric Persons" (SOC) set forth standards clinicians must meet to ensure ethical care of adequate quality. The SOC also set requirements gender variant prospective patients must meet to receive medical interventions to change their sexual characteristics to those more typical for the sex to which they were not assigned at birth. One such requirement is that mental health professionals must ascertain that prospective patients have met the SOC's eligibility and readiness criteria. This article raises two objections to this requirement: ethically obligatory considerations of the overall balance of potential harms and benefits tell against it, and it violates the principle of respect for autonomy. This requirement treats gender variant prospective patients who request medical intervention as different in kind, not merely degree, from other patient populations, as it constructs the very request as a phenomenon of incapacity. This is ethically indefensible in and of itself, but it is especially pernicious in a sociocultural and political context that already denies gender variant people full moral status.