The growth and evolution of telehealth are opening new avenues for efficient, effective, and affordable pediatric health care services in the United States and around the world. However, there remain several barriers to the integration of telehealth into current practice. Establishing the necessary technical, administrative, and operational infrastructure can be challenging, and there is a relative lack of rigorous research data to demonstrate that telehealth is indeed delivering on its promise. That being said, a knowledge of the current state of pediatric telehealth can overcome many of these barriers, and programs are beginning to collaborate through a new pediatric telehealth research network called Supporting Pediatric Research on Outcomes and Utilization of Telehealth (SPROUT). In this report, we provide an update on the landscape of pediatric telehealth and summarize the findings of a recent SPROUT study in which researchers assessed pediatric telehealth programs across the United States. There were >50 programs representing 30 states that provided data on their implementation barriers, staffing resources, operational processes, technology, and funding sources to establish a base understanding of pediatric telehealth infrastructure on a national level. Moving forward, the database created from the SPROUT study will also serve as a foundation on which multicenter studies will be developed and facilitated in an ongoing effort to firmly establish the value of telehealth in pediatric health care.

Measured by charges and time, telepsychiatry consultations for pediatric psychiatric emergencies were cost-efficient from a hospital system perspective compared with usual care consisting of ambulance transport for in-person consultation at a children's hospital main campus. Telepsychiatry also improved clinical and operational efficiency and patient and family experience, and it showed promise for increasing access to other specialized health care needs.

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