Parents with kids who have Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) usually will do extra activities regarding child care. Many of them have inadequate knowledge of caring kids with ASD properly, and the lack of information results mistreatments. These inadequate treatments given to kids with ASD will impact on the kids’ ASD symptoms and problems. This study aims to investigate the need of integrative intervention that will bring important changes to kids with ASD. This study also suggests to integrate intervention to parents and intervention to kids with ASD. The study is exploratory study in nature, with observations and interviews as instruments. The results of this study give empirical knowledge regarding impact of integrated intervention on ASD. The result of the intervention shows that psycho-education therapy to parents and communication therapy to kids that are done effectively and efficiently proven to be effective. This also proves that intervention that is done consistently can help kids to grow. The limitation of this study is it cannot be used generally as only one subject taken as study sample. Hence, further study needs to be done regarding intervention in bigger scope for proposition testing. Orangtua yang memiliki anak Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) pada umumnya akan melakukan aktivitas ekstra dalam penanganan. Banyak dari mereka tidak memahami betul penanganan yang tepat untuk anak-anak mereka. Banyak orangtua yang melakukan tindakan yang tidak memadai karena kekurangan informasi mengenai penyebab dan langkah apa yang harus dilakukan sebagai orang tua. Perlakuan orangtua yang kurang memahami penanganan ASD akan berdampak pada peningkatan masalah simtom-simtom yang terjadi pada anak ASD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan intervensi integratif untuk membawa perubahan penting pada anak-anak dengan gangguan ASD. Intervensi integratif berupa intervensi langsung kepada orangtua dan intervensi kepada anak dengan gangguan ASD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil intervensi menunjukkan bahwa terapi psiko-edukasi kepada orangtua dan terapi komunikasi dengan flashcard kepada anak yang sesuai kebutuhan dan kompetensi anak terbukti efektif. Hal ini juga menjadi bukti bahwa intervensi dengan konsisten dapat membantu anak menjadi fungsional dan berkembang. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan yaitu belum bisa digunakan untuk generalisasi secara luas karena pendekatan yang diambil hanya pada satu subjek. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini menyarankan intervensi dalam ruang lingkup yang lebih luas untuk menguji proposisi.
"Sexual transmission of HIV among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) is believed to be one of the sources of the AIDS epidemic. Nowadays, governments, communities, and NGOs are taking action to prevent its spread by assisting and educating groups of MSM in their countries. This assistance involves experts in many fields of study, including psychology. In the field of psychology, psychoeducation is believed to be one of the ways to assist the MSM groups. In September to December 2019, the authors conducted a mentoring effort to the MSM community at the MSM community gathering location called Gang Pattaya, in the city of Surabaya, the second largest and densely populated city in Indonesia The existence of this community is disguised by the general public, but is well known by NGOs. Community members do MSM out of their liking, although some do it in exchange for money. However, safety factors, such as using condoms for MSM, are not a priority for this community. They do MSM whether they receive a reward or not, just out of a boost of pleasure. There is no attempt to find out the health of the partner once they are attracted to each other. In general, they do not know whether they are infected with HIV. Most of them feel healthy and since they do not show any symptoms, they think it is not necessary to get tested. In the mentoring process, we conduct psychoeducation, which begins with an approach to certain individuals so that they are comfortable with our presence, then increasing awareness of safer sex behavior for HIV prevention for groups in the form of counseling using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) approach. Counseling is carried out in various forms including roleplay, games, and seminars. The number of participants was 11 people as agents of changes of the community, varying from 19 - 47 years old. Pretest related to knowledge of safer sex was carried out before conducting the intervention and post-test after the intervention. The normality test used is the Shapiro-Wilk analysis. Different tests on the data obtained were carried out using the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. None of the participants had lower post-test knowledge scores than the pre-test. Prestest and post test for safer sex behavior showed 2 participants with safer sex behavior did not change. Both belong to the senior group, while other participants have an improvement in their safer sex behavior. These findings suggest that intervention programs for MSM as an effort to reduce HIV transmission should pay attention to affective and cognitive coping strategies."
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