The current study is a phenomenological exploration of coping with perceived racial and gender discrimination experiences among 11 Asian/Asian American female faculty at various Christian universities. Participants completed a 90-min semistructured interview. Ten of the 11 women described experiences where they perceived being treated differently due to race and/or gender. Qualitative analyses of interview data revealed four themes related to coping: Proactive Coping, External Support, Personal Resources, and Spiritual Coping. The resulting themes are discussed in light of existing research, with an emphasis on the importance of understanding cultural and religious values to the study of coping.
The authors review and discuss the 2 articles in this issue pertaining to the development of the "Conscience Clause." The authors support the Pedagogical Statement because it is seen as clear, thorough, and timely in addressing training issues that have been discussed in professional psychology training councils and courtrooms in recent years. This commentary focuses on the implications of these articles for religious-distinctive doctoral programs and for students and faculty in programs that are not explicitly religiously oriented yet enroll students who hold committed religious perspectives that may intersect with other aspects of diversity. Cognitive complexity and the integration of various aspects of diversity in professional identity development are discussed, as well as a brief example of 1 program's attempt to address these issues in the curriculum.
The experience of pursuing a graduate seminary education is rife with many stressors, including the heavy financial burden required to fund a seminary degree. Shame, understood as an experience of being unworthy and inadequate at one's core, may be a natural reaction to financial hardship as many individuals may believe their inadequacy is the cause of their financial difficulties. The present study assessed 189 graduate seminary students from institutions accredited by the Association of Theological Schools to further understand the relationships between shame, financial distress, depression, anxiety, and spiritual well-being. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that financial wellbeing and shame would be negatively correlated. Furthermore, we hypothesized that shame would mediate the relationship between financial well-being and a number of negative outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and lack of spiritual well-being. Our findings demonstrated that the seminary population experienced shame in regard to perceived lack of financial well-being; shame was significantly and negatively related to financial well-being and significantly mediated the relationship between financial well-being and depression, anxiety, and spiritual well-being. These results indicate that financial hardship, including student debt, appears to have a far-reaching impact that causes distress on various levels for seminary students and that shame may be an important mechanism in understanding how this happens.
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