Zusammenfassung Seit einigen Jahren erscheinen in deutschsprachigen Medien Beiträge, die einen neuen Trend in der Versorgung von langzeitpflegebedürftigen Menschen beschreiben: die Migration in ausländische Pflegeheime, insbesondere nach Thailand oder Ost-Europa. Diese Art der Migration wird kontrovers aufgenommen. Einige Medienbeiträge beschreiben diese Praxis u. a. als "Greisen-Export", "gerontologischen Kolonialismus" oder "inhumane Deportation". Die Begriffe weisen darauf hin, dass diese Migration aus sogenannten High Income Countries in Low and Middle Income Countries aus ethischer Sicht problematisch sein könnte. Allerdings gibt es bislang keine wahrnehmbare wissenschaftliche ethische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen. In diesem Beitrag diagnostizieren wir, dass es sich bei der Migration Langzeit-Pflegebedürftiger tatsächlich um ein ethisch relevantes Problem handelt, und wir ordnen die von uns identifizierten ethisch relevanten Bereiche unterschiedlichen Ebenen zu: einer individual-, einer gesellschafts-, und einer global-ethischen Ebene. Auf der individualethischen Ebene diskutieren wir Fragen der Autonomie, der Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen, der Rolle von Kultur und Traditionen und der "guten Pflege". Auf der gesellschaftsethischen Ebene diskutieren wir strukturelle Herausforderungen der Langzeitpflege und Fragen der sozialen Gerechtigkeit. Auf der globalethischen Ebene verbinden wir unser Thema mit der ethischen Diskussion des Medizintourismus und des Brain Drains und mit Fragen C. Bally-Zenger, M.A. ( ) · Dr. V. Wild K C. Bally-Zenger et al. globaler (Gesundheits-)Gerechtigkeit. Um eine weiterführende normative Analyse vornehmen zu können, sind weitere empirische Daten zu dem Phänomen notwendig. AbstractDefinition of the problem The German-language media describes a new trend in long-term care: the migration of persons needing such care to nursing homes abroad, especially to Thailand or East Europe. This type of migration is perceived as a controversial practice. Various articles use terms such as "export of the elderly", "gerontological colonialism" or "inhumane deportation". These terms indicate that the migration of persons in need of long-term care from so-called high income countries to low and middle income countries might be problematic from an ethical point of view. Arguments There has hardly been any academic discussion on this phenomenon. On the basis of the media output and a few scientific articles, we establish that we are dealing with an ethically relevant topic. We then systematically identify relevant ethical aspects. These can be assigned to different levels: an individual-, a societal-, and a global-ethics level. On an individual level we discuss questions of autonomy, relations with relatives, the role of culture and traditions for well-being and best practice in long-term care. On the societal level we discuss structural problems in long-term care, and social justice-related questions. On the global level we connect our topic to the ethics discussion on medical tourism, brain drain a...
The clinically oriented debate in the context of obesity is often blurred when in comes to morality, professional ethos and societal values. Surgeons, for example, might bring different normative approaches to the operation rooms than psychiatrists to their therapeutic sessions. These values often remain unspoken, but might change the medical conveyor belt of the patients affected. In this text, we want to focus on this so called "implicit normativity" of different stake holders. In addition, we question the concept of "illness" as obesity can be labelled as an illness and/or symptom - depending on the eyes of the observer. From a more societal perspective, any effort of prevention also comes with normative strings attached. Thus we plea for a stronger awareness of one's own values related to obesity, either in a clinical, personal or societal setting.
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