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Our analysis shows that childhood obesity and physical activity increase the occurrence of injuries. However, we did not observe an association between obesity and severe injuries. Obesity as a risk factor for the occurrence of injuries has to be confirmed by other studies, and the understanding of the mechanism for the observed association needs more investigation.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and identify some predictors of misreporting in an elderly Belgian population and to assess the effect of underreporting on estimated intakes of macronutrients and foods. Design: A 1-day food record was completed by 2083 adult men and women aged 65 years or more. Individuals whose energy intake was lower than 0.90 £ BMR (basal metabolic rate) were defined as underreporters. Overreporting was defined as energy intake greater than 2 £ BMR. Results: Underreporting and overreporting occurred in 13.6% and 7.9% of food records, respectively. Results from logistic regression models indicated that gender and body mass index (BMI) were predictors of misreporting. Whereas women were more likely to underreport energy intake, the prevalence of overreporting was higher in men. Underreporting was more prevalent among obese people and overreporting more prevalent in normal-weight subjects. Smoking status and education level did not predict underreporting; however, overreporting was more likely to occur in more highly educated subjects. A cultural difference in reporting of nutrient intakes was also found, with the percentage of underreporters being higher among Walloons compared with Flemish. Conclusion: BMI seemed to be one of the most important factors in misreporting. This calls for special attention when dietary surveys are performed on obese or lean people. Keywords Dietary assessmentEnergy intake Misreporting Validity Basal metabolic rateThe measurement of nutrient intake in dietary surveys represents a methodological challenge. This measurement sometimes relies on self-reports of food intake over varying periods of time. The most widely used methods are dietary recalls, where subjects report on foods consumed over the previous 24 hours; diet diaries, in which subjects record all food consumed on a daily basis; and food-frequency questionnaires, which require subjects to report food consumption patterns over times ranging from one month to one year or more. Because all dietary methods have their limitations, none of these can be considered a 100% reliable reference measure for assessing dietary intake. Therefore, biological markers of food intake have been sought in order to validate selfreported energy intake by objective measures 1 -5 . The doubly labelled water technique is an example of a biomarker that can be used to validate self-reported energy intake 1 -4 . This technique is used to measure energy expenditure in free-living subjects and is currently considered the 'gold standard' for the measurement of total energy expenditure in humans. Comparing measured energy expenditure with reported energy intake gives an idea of the degree of misreporting in a dietary survey.All mentioned dietary methods are prone to under-or/and overreporting of energy intake 6 . This misreporting may result from difficulties in accurately reporting food consumption and portion size, changing eating patterns or overestimating consumption of more socially desirable foods, etc. 7 . Because the...

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Although it is not demonstrated in our study, we think that the overall approach offers an opportunity to improve our understanding of the role of diet in the risks of morbidity or mortality associated with the overall dietary pattern rather than some individual foods and nutrients.