Interventional spine procedures are nonsurgical interventions that are commonly used to treat acute and chronic pain. These procedures generally are considered to be safe, but patients may experience transient and minor complications. Hiccups previously have been reported in the pain management setting as a complication after lumbar and thoracic epidural steroid injections and an intrathecal morphine pump infusion. In this case series of 8 patients, we describe hiccups after various interventional procedures, including cervical and lumbar epidural steroid injections, facet joint injections, and sacroiliac joint injections. A comprehensive literature review of hiccups associated with interventional pain procedures is provided, along with the known pathophysiology, etiologies, and treatment options for hiccups. The objective of this case series presentation and literature review is to highlight the importance of recognizing hiccups as a potentially under-reported adverse reaction in the setting of various interventional spine procedures.
usually occurring during contact sports. A wide range of clinical courses have been described, however, pain lasting longer than 24 hours is generally uncommon. The MSCSAC is a novel tool to predict chronic stinger syndrome. It is calculated by subtracting the sagittal diameter of the spinal cord from the disk level sagittal diameter of the spinal canal at the C3-6 levels and then averaging these values. A cutoff of Ͻ4.3 mm has been shown to predict a greater than 13-fold increase in risk of developing chronic stinger syndrome. The MSCSAC score of 3.2 mm correlated with the patient's history of multiple stingers. In discussing return to play, it was emphasized that he is at greater risk for future stinger injuries based on MSCSAC index. Conclusions: The MSCSAC is a novel, sensitive tool that may be used to predict chronic stinger syndrome.
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