The 1% or Less Campaign is an effective research-tested program for reducing saturated fat intake by encouraging individuals to switch to low-fat milk. All published studies have been conducted in small communities with mostly White populations. The 6-week intervention included a media campaign, public relations, and taste tests. Campaign effectiveness was measured using sales data and cross-sectional telephone surveys. Survey results showed a significant increase in low-fat milk consumption from 30.2% to 40.8% of milk drinkers (p < .001) with a reduced yet sustained increase at 3 months. This translates to approximately 65,000 people switching to low-fat milk during the campaign with a sustained effect of approximately 32,000 people three months postcampaign. Sales data show an increase of low-fat milk sales from 32.7% to 39.9%. Results are similar to smaller community initiatives, indicating the program is effective in promoting population behavior change but may need booster sessions for sustained effects.

Objective: To investigate the effect of item order on physical activity (PA) estimates using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – short form (last 7 day) telephone interview (IPAQ-S7T). Method: The IPAQ-S7T was conducted for Time 1 (Hawai`i) and sample 1 (Belgium). Then item order was reversed for Times 2, 3 (Hawai`i), and sample 2 (Belgium). Results: In Hawai`i, vigorous activity levels were higher, walking levels lower for Time 1, compared to Times 2 and 3. Moderate activity was higher at Time 1 than Time 3. The Belgium study reported higher levels of vigorous activity for sample 1, compared to sample 2. Total volume of PA across time points was unchanged for the Hawai`i study, but decreased with reversed items in the Belgium study. Conclusion: Item ordering affects the levels and duration of reported PA using the IPAQ-S7T. This warrants further research on order efficacy and whether other PA measures are affected.

Objective: To assess the correlates of low-fat milk consumption in a multi-ethnic population. Design: Cross-sectional random digit dial telephone survey of adults residing in Hawaii. Setting & Participants: The survey was completed by 600 adults who consumed cow’s milk. Five ethnicities composed over 86% of the sample: Caucasian (36%), Hawaiian (17%), Japanese (18%), Filipino (10%), and Chinese (5%). The average age of participant was 45.6. 84% had completed high school and 35% had completed college. Variables Measured: All variables were self-reported. Type of milk consumed (high-fat vs. low-fat) was the dependent variable. Independent variables included age, gender, ethnicity, body mass, attitude, normative beliefs, and stage of change. Analysis: Chi-squares and logistic regression were used for the analysis (p < .05). Results: Younger and less educated people were less likely to drink low-fat milk, as were Native Hawaiians and Filipinos. In the multivariate analyses only attitudes, normative beliefs, and education were significant predictors. Conclusions and Implications: Attitudes and normative beliefs towards milk consumption explain more of the variance in type of milk consumption than demographic characteristics. This data indicates the feasibility of testing interventions designed to influence attitudes and normative beliefs towards low-fat milk consumption in Asian and Pacific Island communities.