IntroductionMobility is an essential part of a person’s functioning and independence. It encompasses locomotive functions, but also the more basic functions of positioning and transferring. Despite the availability of several mobility-related assessment instruments to date, there is a need for assessment instruments with the specific capability to display the full range of mobilisation. Our aim was to develop and validate a scoring instrument with hierarchical composition where every score value stands for a defined mobility level.Participants and MethodsA previously developed and validated pilot instrument was applied to assess patients (n = 113) admitted to an acute rehabilitation programme. Mobility was assessed during admission, subsequently at weekly intervals and at discharge to acquire a detailed status of mobility at multiple time points and individual mobilisation profiles over time. The scoring instrument was then remodelled based on clinical criteria to establish an easy-to-use scoring system with hierarchical composition. Psychometric properties were calculated using an independent sample of 87 consecutive patients.ResultsContent validity could be affirmed. The psychometric tests demonstrated excellent convergent validity with the three mobility items of the Barthel Index (r = 0.93), despite an adequately lower correlation with the whole Barthel Index (r = 0.63). Adequate floor and ceiling effects (20%) and a large responsiveness to change (ǀdǀ = 1.7, p < 0.001) between admission and discharge values were demonstrated. Inter-rater reliability was excellent (κ = 0.88).ConclusionsThe Charité Mobility Index (CHARMI) is a promising, easy-to-use hierarchical scoring instrument assessing the full individual spectrum from immobility to unlimited mobility, including positioning, transfer and locomotion items. It allows for monitoring of mobilisation.
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Fr?hrehabilitation ist der fr?hestm?gliche Einsatz der Rehabilitation im Akutverlauf. Sie schlie?t in der Versorgung des Polytraumas die Rehabilitationsl?cke zwischen unfallchirurgischer Versorgung und Rehabilitationsklinik. Material und Methoden: 50 Polytraumaf?lle mit anschlie?ender fach?bergreifender Fr?hrehabilitation auf einer eigenen Fr?hrehabilitations-Station wurden retrospektiv analysiert. Als prim?re Outcome-Parameter wurden die Mobilit?t (Charit? Mobility Index?) und die ADL-Kompetenz (Barthel-Index) bei ?bernahme auf die Fr?hrehabilitations-Station und Entlassung untersucht. Ergebnisse: Im Verlauf der fach?bergreifenden Fr?hrehabilitation verbesserten sich die Mobilit?t (p<0,001; Effektst?rke |d|=2,5) und die ADL-Kompetenz (p<0,001; Effektst?rke |d|=2,4) hoch signifikant. Diskussion: Daten zum Outcome der Fr?hrehabilitation nach Polytrauma sind bislang kaum vorhanden. In Vorbereitung einer prospektiven kontrollierten Studie werden erstmals grundlegende Daten zu Rehabilitationsergebnissen der Fr?hrehabilitation von Polytrauma-Patienten pr?sentiert. Schlussfolgerung: Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Fr?hrehabilitation nach Polytrauma g?nstige Effekte in Mobilit?t und ADL aufweist.
Surviving sepsis may have consequences of high impact for the patients' further life regarding functioning in mobility and activities of daily living, among other fields. Patients consecutively have a great need of rehabilitation interventions beginning with early mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit ICU. Acute medical rehabilitation is a concept of early rehabilitation still in the acute care hospital, normally beginning after a direct transferal from the ICU. Its aim is to improve the patients' functioning in mobility and activities of daily living (ADL) to enable further post-acute rehabilitation interventions. In this retrospective analysis a sample of patients who received acute medical rehabilitation after surviving a sepsis or severe sepsis was followed. The study targeted the question if basic functions of mobility and ADL could be improved by acute medical rehabilitation. Furthermore, the need for aid supply was evaluated, as well as the type of discharge or transferal after acute care. The increase of mobility and ADL capability before and after acute medical rehabilitation was highly significant (p<0.001 each) and showed very large effect sizes (d=1.3, 1.4 respectively). Aid supply was organized for 92% of patients. A majority of patients could receive consecutive post-acute rehabilitation after re-gaining function. The data shows the enormous gain in functioning that can be reached with an acute medical rehabilitation intervention after ICU treatment of sepsis.
Frailty is a condition of decreased physiological reserves seen in approx. one third of elderly anesthesiological patients, and affecting many aspects of treatment as well as outcome. Although there are over 60 measurement instruments, frailty assessment is still poorly implemented. Understanding why and how to assess frailty is key to its implementation in preoperative anesthesia clinics. After presenting the impact of perioperative frailty and the benefits of an early diagnosis on health related quality of life, we present an overview of the most important tools that can be used in the preoperative frailty assessment. Early diagnosis offer several optimization opportunities for the perioperative period. The most efficient frailty assessment tools are presented and discussed, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects. Frailty assessments vary immensely in terms of required time, equipment, and expertise. We recommend at least one test for each domain of frailty, so as to obtain a more holistic view of the patient's physiological reserve. The implementation of an adequate and consistent preoperative frailty assessment has the potential to improve patient safety as well as short and long term outcomes.
Hintergrund Waren in den ersten Wellen noch deutlich ältere Patienten von der COVID-19-Pandemie betroffen, so erkranken aktuell auch junge Patienten und werden hospitalisiert. Häufig zeigen diese Patienten nach schweren und kritischen Verläufen auch nach überstandener Akutphase Symptome (z. B. Belastungsdyspnoe), Organschädigungen (z. B. an Lunge, Herz-Kreislauf) sowie psychische Beeinträchtigungen. Fragestellung Die schweren Verläufe nach kritischer COVID-19-Erkrankung stellen die Rehabilitation vor neue Herausforderungen und fordern mehr denn je rehabilitative Behandlungsansätze bereits im Akutkrankenhaus. Methodik Es erfolgt die Darstellung einer ausgewählten Fallserie von Patienten mit einer typischen Konstellation mit Vorerkrankung durch Immunsuppression plus kritischem COVID-19-Verlauf sowie Indikation für eine Akutrehabilitation. Ergebnisse Diese Fallserie stellt die lange Liegedauer mit hoher Anzahl an Beatmungsstunden auf der Intensivstation dar. Bei Übernahme auf die Akutrehabilitation sind diese Patienten immobil sowie stark eingeschränkt in sämtlichen Alltagsaktivitäten, sodass eine stationäre Rehabilitation im Akutkrankenhaus indiziert ist und übliche fortführende Rehabilitationsangebote nicht infrage kommen können. Proningfolgen und Komplikationen wie beispielsweise die „exertional desaturation“ in der frühen Rekonvaleszenzphase werden in der akuten Phase der Frührehabilitation detektiert. Diskussion Mit neuen Herausforderungen an die Rehabilitation ist nach schweren COVID-19-Infektionen zu rechnen, sodass rehabilitative Behandlungsansätze bei einer fachübergreifenden Frührehabilitation im Akutkrankenhaus dringend erforderlich sind. Nicht zuletzt sichert die Akutrehabilitation nicht nur eine nahtlose Behandlungskette, sondern auch den Abstrom von der Intensivstation zur Sicherung lokaler Strukturen.
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