2012) Applying a behavioural and operational diagnostic typology of competitive intelligence practice: empirical evidence from the SME sector in This paper reports on an empirical study conducted within the SME sector in the city of Istanbul, Turkey. The findings from this study enabled the creation of a behavioural and operational typology of competitive intelligence practice, one developed from the work of S. Wright, D.W. Pickton and J. Callow (2002. Competitive intelligence in UK firms: A typology. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 20,[349][350][351][352][353][354][355][356][357][358][359][360]. Using responses to questions which indicated a type of behaviour or operational stance towards the various strands of CI practice under review it has been possible to identify areas where improvements could be made to reach an ideal situation which could garner significant competitive advantage for the SMEs surveyed.

This research conceptualizes and measures social media adoption (SMA) of companies with a process-based approach and explains its antecedents of micro- and macro-environment, size, and ownership, as well as its consequence of intention to increase resources dedicated to social media. Based on data from 310 Turkish small and medium enterprises, the study first develops a conceptual framework on the pillars of internal and external stakeholder focus as well as relationship and information oriented implementation. Based on these two dimensions, it discusses the novel concepts of social customer relations, social stakeholder communication, social intelligence, and social responsiveness related to SMA. The study further indicates that ownership type and micro environment play a role in SMA and that path dependence exists in the interplay of current adoption and future intentions

This paper reports an empirical study of Peruvian fresh grapes exporters with theaim of delineating the behavioral and operational typology of their competitive intelligencepractices. Cluster analysis was used as an exploratory tool to determine the correlation, if any,between the size of the company, grapes exports share of total exports, the percentage of theRed Globe variety in total grapes exports and the size of the grape farm with the typology andthe average price received at export between August 2016 and July 2017. The behavioral andoperational typology of competitive intelligence practices model, developed by Wright et al,(2012), was used. The findings reveal that exporters have a positive behavior towardscompetitive intelligence practices, but cannot make good use of them due to a lack of knowledge,and deficiencies in organization and in technological and IT systems support. As 37 companiesparticipated in this experiment, this study could be extended to all non-traditional Peruvianagricultural exports. It has been possible to identify areas where changes are needed to enablethese exporters to perform at a higher level of competence. In addition, it appeared that aslightly higher level of attitude and IT systems support pays off as medium-sized companiesachieved a higher price per ton compared to big companies. This study is the first to present atypology of competitive intelligence practices in Peru and is one of the very first to studycompetitive intelligence in this country and agriculture.

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The need for SMEs to behave in a more concise and coherent competitive fashion is well recognised. This study reports on an empirical study of SMEs in Turkey. Their responses were applied to a behavioural and information technology adoption framework which enabled the identification of areas where changes would be required for these firms to begin operating at a higher level of competence. The findings revealed significant scope for improvements on all strands of the diagnostic framework: attitude, gathering, location, technology support, IT systems support and finally, use of intelligence-based output by decision-makers. Through free form responses, it was also possible to identify barrier to higher level adoption and performance inhibiters, which were subsequently, categorised and assessed for significance.