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This article analyzes a corpus of pamphlets produced in and/or related to Antwerp in theperiod between the Pacification of Ghent (1576) and the retaking of the city by theHabsburg regime under Farnese (1585). The quantitative evolutions within this corpusare related to events, actors and circumstances. Especially Don Juan and the duke ofAnjou have caused peaks in Antwerp’s pamphlet production. In general, the themes ofpamphlets were of interest to an audience wider than Antwerp’s residents, although alsoactors in the city’s civil society used this medium. The choice of genres of pamphlets andtheir reminiscence to other forms of communication are also discussed. The last part ofthe article focuses on the role of printers and publishers.

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In 1549, Philip of Spain, son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, embarked on a tour through his father's empire. It is well known that in the decades beforehand, coincidences of succession, warfare and deliberate efforts to buy support had brought the Low Countries and the larger part of the Italian Peninsula together in an empire with an unprecedented level of integration. Thus far, scholars have concentrated mainly on the transfer of a broad range of cultural knowledge and techniques between these two areas. Yet, apart from Lamal's recent work, research that seeks to trace and understand transfers of political information and culture between the two regions is rare and is dominated by a biographical approach. This is in spite of the flourishing of both research on political culture and on transfer since the 1980s. 1 This article, then, is an attempt to explore the utility and limits of the concepts of cultural transfer and translation in the examination of a sixteenthcentury political conflict on ceremonial priority between two Italian communities in the Low Countries. Amongst the variety of terms defining cultural transfers, exchanges, hybridity and translation, the latter has the metaphorical strength of representing the transfer and accommodation of a cultural object − when reflecting on translation in the strictest sense this object is of linguistic nature − from one culture to another. 2 In this article I show that processes of both translation and transfer, even when they imply transnational transactions, can have considerable limits. They can be of * I am grateful to the editors of this theme issue (Emma Grootveld & Nina Lamal) for their generous and helpful comments and correction. This text also benefited from discussions with dr. Luca Molà and dr. Hans Cools. I also thank the two anonymous reviewers, who provided detailed feedback and bibliographical suggestions. 1 N. Lamal, '"Le orecchie si piene di Fiandra". Italian news and histories on the Revolt in the