Introduction Hundreds of thousands of cholecystectomies and appendectomies are performed in the United States annually. Due to the prevalence of cholecystitis and appendicitis, a subset of patients will require both operations. The limited literature describing these patients supports a laparoscopic approach over open surgery; consistent with the advantages of laparotomy over open surgery in the treatment of each condition individually. Case presentation We report two cases where a patient presented with cholecystitis and appendicitis simultaneously. An abdominal computer tomography (CT) scan revealed the presence of the two diagnoses, which was then confirmed by an abdominal ultrasound. A four-access port was utilized for simultaneous appendectomy and cholecystectomy. Discussion A review of the literature indicates that simultaneous infection with appendicitis and cholecystitis is rare, and thus clinical presentation, lab work, and imaging studies are all needed to support such a diagnosis. Potential findings on imaging in these patients may include distended gallbladder with thickened wall and fluid-filled dilated appendix with mural enhancement. In the event that both clinical presentation and further work-up indicate both pathologies, laparoscopic intervention is suitable. A four-access port is deemed the conservative approach to dealing with such cases. Conclusion Finding a single diagnosis responsible for a patient's illness is a high priority in an acute care setting, a concept known as diagnostic parsimony. However, it is inevitable that very common illnesses will be comorbid in a subset of patients, and physicians should be prepared to consider contemporaneous illness in the isolated circumstances it is warranted.

Obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m 2 , complicates maternal and neonatal outcomes. Bariatric surgery (BS) is an option for weight reduction in several populations, including reproductive-aged women. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the ideal time interval between BS and pregnancy.We report the case of a 43-year-old Hispanic female who underwent an initial Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 2011, followed by a revision eight years later in 2019. The revision entailed the reduction of the gastric pouch size and the excision of the remnant stomach. It occurred sixteen months before the conception of her second pregnancy.Despite advanced maternal age and nutritional challenges following BS, this patient delivered a healthy male neonate and maintained a net weight loss compared to her preoperative weight. Factors leading to this positive outcome included the patient's adherence to dietary recommendations following the procedure and using weight loss adjuncts (phentermine and topiramate) to promote post-procedure weight loss.Sixteen months between RYGB revision and conception can lead to positive pregnancy outcomes, even in women of advanced maternal age and multiple prior BS. Further studies are required to understand better the optimal interval to reduce maternal and neonatal complications following RYGB specifically and the use of medications as weight loss adjuncts.

Background/Objective: Obesity (body mass index > 30 kg/m2) complicates maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes. Bariatric surgery (BS) is an option for weight reduction in reproductive-aged women. However, there is a lack of data regarding the ideal time interval between BS and pregnancy. Methods:We report the case of a 43-year-old Hispanic female who underwent an initial Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 2011 followed by a revision eight years later in 2019. The revision occurred 16 months prior to conception of her second pregnancy. Results: Despite advanced maternal age and nutritional challenges following BS, she delivered a healthy male baby and sustained a net weight loss compared to her preoperative weight. Factors leading to this positive outcome included the patient’s adherence to dietary recommendations following the procedure and the use of phentermine to promote post-procedure weight loss. Conclusion: An interval of sixteen months between RYGB revision and conception can lead to positive pregnancy outcomes, even in women of advanced maternal age. Adherence to post-procedure nutrition and weight gain protocols are crucial to this outcome. Further studies are needed to explore the time interval that ensures a healthy pregnancy, as well as the use of medications as weight loss adjuncts following BS.

Lower extremity angiogram is generally a safe and effective procedure with a low rate of vascular complications. We report here a unique case of a 33-year-old female with anterior tibial artery (ATA) to anterior tibial vein fistula formation after lower extremity endovascular intervention. This was initially treated with open repair of the fistula and ligation of ATA. However, patient continued to complain of claudication like symptoms. Patient subsequently had an endovascular embolization of ATA in a retrograde fashion. Recovery was unremarkable; patient was discharged home same day. Three months postoperatively patient denies leg pain, a follow-up arterial duplex failed to show presence of arterio-venous fistula. This case illustrates the effectiveness of an endovascular approach as a minimally invasive treatment for this uncommon complication that occurs after lower extremity endovascular intervention.