In the rabbit eye, slow release of daunorubicin reduced PCO formation by approximately 50%. It must be determined whether the endothelial side effects are specific to the rabbit species or whether the human cornea is as sensitive. The principle of the IOL-bound SDDS and the evaluation procedure can be standardized and used for systematic tests in the future.

During decidualization, human mesenchymal-like endometrial stromal cells undergo well characterized cellular and molecular transformations in preparation for accepting a developing embryo. Modulation of cellular biophysical properties during decidualization is likely to be important in receptivity and support of the embryo in the uterus. Here we assess the biophysical properties of human endometrial stromal cells including topography, roughness, adhesiveness and stiffness in cells undergoing in vitro decidualization. A significant reduction in cell stiffness and surface roughness was observed following decidualization. These morphodynamical changes have been shown to be associated with alterations in cellular behavior and homeostasis, suggesting that localized endometrial cell biophysical properties play a role in embryo implantation and pregnancy. This cell-cell communication process is thought to restrict trophoblast invasion beyond the endometrial stroma, be essential in the establishment of pregnancy, and demonstrate the altered endometrial dynamics affecting cell-cell contact and migration regimes at this crucial interface in human reproduction.

Many varieties of Arabic and Berber have undergone a process of syntactic change known as Jespersen's Cycle (JC). In JC a postverbal item is reanalysed as part of a discontinuous marker of negation together with the original preverbal negator. In some cases the original preverbal negator is then lost. This paper investigates the synchronic and historical data relevant to JC in the varieties in question, arguing that the innovation of the postverbal negator began in Arabic and later spread to Berber through contact. The various syntactic reanalyses involved in the Arabic JC are sketched, and the implications of the Arabic and Berber data for better-known instances of JC in European languages are discussed. 2 It is hoped that the data and analysis presented here will be of interest to, among others, those readers who are concerned with the formal syntactic notions of specifiers and heads and the relations between them. Although I avoid couching the present discussion in terms of a particular syntactic formalism, the arguments presented here are intended to be compatible with theories based on Universal Grammar.

In both standard and nonstandard varieties of English there are several contexts in which the word never functions as a sentential negator rather than as a negative temporal adverb. This article investigates the pragmatic and distributional differences between the various non-temporal uses of never and examines their synchronic and historical relationship to the ordinary temporal quantifier use, drawing on corpora of Early Modern and present-day British English. Primary focus is on (i) a straightforward negator use that in prescriptively approved varieties of English has an aspectual restriction to non-chance, completive achievement predicates in the preterite, but no such restriction in nonstandard English; and (ii) a distinct categorical-denial use that quantifies over possible perspectives on a situation. Against Cheshire (1998), it is argued that neither of these uses represents continuity with non-temporal uses of never in Middle English, but both are instead relatively recent innovations resulting from semantic reanalysis and the semanticization of implicatures.

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