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Despite many improvements over the last century, serious injuries and work-related fatalities remain a significant global challenge in different high-hazard industries. Further reductions in incidents should happen with improved risk identification and control which relies on human perception and decision making. It is important to understand end-user perspectives in order to identify and design effective risk management artefacts. This paper discusses four studies of different high-hazard industry worker populations (agriculture, oil and gas, boardroom and industrial contracting) that were conducted to understand risk management practices and opportunities in different environments. The work demonstrates that it is possible to identify novel insights directly from end-users that can assist in prioritizing and clarifying further risk improvement opportunities and research needs.

The Decision Ladder (DL) Template is often used to understand workers’ reasoning processes. In high-hazard industries such as oil refining, frontline workers’ decisions are crucial to managing abnormal situations and preventing unwanted events. This paper describes research undertaken–using the DL Template–to analyze workers’ responses to abnormal situations as elicited during Critical Decision Method interviews. The paper firstly describes the evolution DL Template since Rasmussen’s original writings. It then describes challenges encountered when using the traditional DL Template to analyze interview responses. A modified DL Template is proposed that provides a more detailed top portion of the template to allow more explicit analysis of how knowledge-based reasoning might be used when addressing abnormal, safety-critical situations.

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