The common carp Cyprinus carpio is widely distributed and frequently considered a nuisance species outside its native range. Common carp are abundant in Clear Lake, Iowa, where their presence is both a symptom of degradation and an impediment to improving water quality and the sport fishery. We used radiotelemetry to quantify seasonal distribution, aggregation, and habitat selection of adult and subadult common carp in Clear Lake during [2005][2006] in an effort to guide future control strategies. Over a 22-month period, we recorded 1,951 locations of 54 adults and 60 subadults implanted with radio transmitters. Adults demonstrated a clear tendency to aggregate in an offshore area during the late fall and winter and in shallow, vegetated areas before and during spring spawning. Late-fall and winter aggregations were estimated to include a larger percentage of the tracked adults than spring aggregations. Subadults aggregated in shallow, vegetated areas during the spring and early summer. Our study, when considered in combination with previous research, suggests repeatable patterns of distribution, aggregation, and habitat selection that should facilitate common carp reduction programs in Clear Lake and similar systems. KeywordsIowa, common carp, nuisance species, sport fishery, aggregation, habitat selection RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLETaylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the "Content") contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/termsand-conditions Abstract.-The common carp Cyprinus carpio is widely distributed and frequently considered a nuisance species outside its native range. Common carp are abundant in Clear Lake, Iowa, where their presence is both a symptom of degradation and an impediment to improving water ...

Expulsion of surgically implanted radio transmitters is a problem in some fish telemetry studies. We conducted a 109-d experiment to test the hypothesis that variation in relative volume of transmitters surgically implanted in subadult common carp Cyprinus carpio would affect transmitter expulsion. We also necropsied fish at the end of the experiment to evaluate histological evidence for the mechanism of expulsion. Survival rate was high during our experiment; all control fish and 88% of the fish subjected to the implantation surgery survived. Expulsion rate was low; of the 23 fish that received transmitters and survived the experiment, only two (9%) expelled the transmitters. One of these expulsions occurred through a rupture of the incision and the other occurred via the intestine. Retained transmitters were all encapsulated by tissue, and most exhibited multiple adhesions to the intestine, gonads, and body wall. Adhesions were more numerous in fish that received larger transmitters.

The efficiency of a conventional domestic septic tank for primary treatment of the wastewater effluent from a small-scale commercial recycle aquaculture system (RAS) was evaluated. The aquaculture facility had five 39.2-m 3 dual-drain culture tanks and a total system volume of 249.9 m 3 . The mean standing stock of fish during the study was 4,837 kg (25.6 kg/m 3 ) consisting of 9.6% largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, 32.1% walleye Sander vitreus, 17.8% hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops 3 striped bass M. saxatilis), and 40.5% rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The entire RAS volume was exchanged with makeup water only once every 62 d. Inflow to the septic tank contained 25.3% total nitrogen (TN) and 55.1% total phosphorus (TP) added to the culture system as fish feed. Relative to inflow, outflow from the septic tank reduced biochemical oxygen demand by 5.1%, TN by 59.5%, TP by 35.3%, settleable solids by 92.6%, total dissolved solids by 9.6%, and total suspended solids by 69.8%. Septic tank effluent was discharged to a subsurface drain tile that passed below a row crop field to a pond; the pond did not discharge from the operator's property during the study (i.e., zero discharge). Of the nutrients fed, 9.6% of TN and 34.5% of TP were present in the septic tank effluent. Septic tank sludge was pumped out monthly and dewatered to 14.9% moisture by air-drying. It contained 3.6% TN and 2.6% TP (percent dry weight) and was test-marketed as a soil amendment for greenhouse use.

No abstract

Common carp Cyprinus carpio are widely distributed and frequently considered a nuisance species outside their native range. Common carp are abundant in Clear Lake, Iowa, where they are both a symptom of degradation and a roadblock to improving the water quality and fishery. We quantified seasonal distribution, aggregation, and habitat selection of adult and subadult common carp in Clear Lake using radio telemetry for the purpose of guiding future control strategies. Over a 22-month period we recorded a total of 1,951 locations from 54 adults and 60 subadults implanted with radio-transmitters. Adults demonstrated a clear tendency to aggregate in an offshore area during the winter and in shallow vegetated areas prior to and during spring spawning. Winter aggregations were estimated to include a larger percentage of the adult population than in spring. Subadults aggregated in shallow vegetated areas. Our study and previous research suggest repeatable patterns of distribution, aggregation and habitat selection that should facilitate common carp reduction programs in Clear Lake and similar systems.