Our technique of placing a 35-45° bend in the AEB, extraluminal placement, and observed manipulation with a video-assisted flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (FFB) within the trachea can be used to achieve consistent lung isolation in patients <2 undergoing thoracic surgery. When the use of a FFB proves unsuccessful, fluoroscopy can provide an alternative solution to successful placement. Significant respiratory derangements without long-term sequelae will occur in a majority of these patients during OLV. Several different approaches to intraoperative analgesia did not impede extubation in the early postoperative period.

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This paper details a new approach for enhancing the radiation characteristics of a coplanar Vivaldi antenna (CVA) array. First, the inter-element mutual coupling is reduced by introducing slots in the conventional CVA array. Then, a low-profile dielectric patch antenna (DPA) is situated between the CVA flares when it acts as a travelling wave radiator at the higher frequency band. The DPA is excited by the loop current at the radiation part of the CVA and a set of TE modes with omnidirectional radiation patterns are excited. This combination enhances the directivity in the broadside direction of the CVA by suppressing the grating lobes by as much as 10 dB. The 4×1 linear array covers the frequency range of 2.77-13.6 GHz, with 132% fractional bandwidth. Then, four of the proposed linear arrays are connected to constitute an 8×2 planar array to achieve a gain of 15.2-24.6 dBi. The proposed arrays are fabricated, tested and mounted on a small (Unmanned Aerial System) sUAS for radar measurements. The real-life field radar results with the proposed arrays are presented in this paper including the echogram of the scanned area.INDEX TERMS-High gain antennas, radar applications, radiation pattern enhancement.

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