. (2013) 'Napping in English preschool children and the association with parents' attitudes.', Sleep medicine., 14 (4). pp. 352-358. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. sleep.2012.12.010 Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Sleep medicine. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A denitive version was subsequently published in Sleep medicine, 14, 4, 2013Sleep medicine, 14, 4, , 10.1016Sleep medicine, 14, 4, /j.sleep.2012 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

The northern outcrop termination of Indian continental crust lies at the Nanga Parbat massif, from where this contribution presents new field data. The tectonic contact with the structurally overlying Kohistan island arc is concordant and ductile, is associated with interleaving of Nanga Parbat and Kohistan lithologies, and may be correlated with the Main Mantle thrust found elsewhere in the NW Himalayas. This ductile shear zone is locally overprinted by cataclastic faults associated with exhumation of the massif but overall, the northern outcrop termination of the massif is controlled by erosion through a gently, northward-plunging antiformal structure. This folds both the Main Mantle thrust and the underlying, concordant 'Layered Unit' of the Nanga Parbat basement. Thus there is no indication that the massif acted as a promontory to the Indian continent during collision nor that it is a structure entirely bound by neotectonic faults. Ductile shear fabrics associated with the 'Main Mantle thrust' are cross-cut by leucogranite sheets and pegmatites. These may represent the stockwork to a significant crustal-melt granite body described here in the northern massif. This Jutial granite shows many geochemical characteristics in common with similar bodies in the High Himalayas which are consistent with anatexis of the buried Indian continental basement rocks. However, the granite is enriched in heat producing elements (particularly Th: 22 ppm) and shows extremely high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios (>0.88). The high concentrations of radiogenic Sr are also an attribute of a suite of hitherto enigmatic leucogranitic pegmatites that laces the Nanga Parbat massif, suggesting that these may represent a stockwork to a largely buried body of which the Jutial granite is a small exposure. The enrichment in heat-producing elements within the granite may reflect similarly high heat production in the source Indian continental crust requiring in turn a fundamental re-examination of the thermal evolution of this crust during Himalayan metamorphism and exhumation.

SummaryShort sleep duration is associated with obesity in young children. This study develops the hypothesis that parental rules play a role in this association. Participants were 3-year-old children and their parents, recruited at nursery schools in socioeconomically deprived and non-deprived areas of a North-East England town. Parents were interviewed to assess their use of sleep, television-viewing and dietary rules, and given diaries to document their child's sleep for 4 days/5 nights. Children were measured for height, weight, waist circumference and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. One-hundred and eight families participated (84 with complete sleep data and 96 with complete body composition data). Parental rules were significantly associated together, were associated with longer night-time sleep and were more prevalent in the non-deprived-area compared with the deprived-area group. Television-viewing and dietary rules were associated with leaner body composition. Parental rules may in part confound the association between night-time sleep duration and obesity in young children, as rules cluster together across behavioural domains and are associated with both sleep duration and body composition. This hypothesis should be tested rigorously in large representative samples.

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