This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.

In this article, we introduce an updated version of the Nonviolent and Violent Campaigns and Outcomes dataset (NAVCO 2.1), which compiles annual data on 389 nonviolent and violent mass movements for regime change, anti-occupation, and secession from 1945 to 2013. This version of the dataset corrects known coding errors in NAVCO 2.0, adds news cases (including the Arab uprisings), and codes attributes for each campaign year (such as participation size and diversity, the behavior of regime elites, repression and its effects, support from external actors, and campaign outcomes). In addition, NAVCO 2.1 adds several new attributes to each campaign-year, including more precise participation figures, more nuanced data about the scope, intensity, and degree of violent flank behavior and state repression, and further information about the parallel or alternative institutions developed by the campaign. The data reveal four key findings: (1) that the success rate of nonviolent resistance campaigns has declined since 2001; (2) that far more people have participated in nonviolent than violent campaigns in the postwar period; (3) that nonviolent campaigns suffer far fewer per-capita fatalities than armed campaigns; and (4) that incidental violence by dissidents has become a more common feature of contemporary nonviolent campaigns compared with earlier cases. The article concludes with suggestions for further research.

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Recent conceptual work on multiple proxy perspectives indicates that clinicians should be more reflective in terms of how they question or prompt informal caregivers to report on patient illness experiences. There are different ways in which therapeutic questions might be posed that can influence perceptual agreement between patients and caregivers. The purpose of this randomized, between-subjects study was to test the hypothesis that "The interrater gap between patient self-assessment and caregiver assessment on patient multidimensional symptom experiences will be reduced when caregivers are prompted to imagine-patient perspective-take." We also tested the hypothesis that "Regardless of the perspective-taking prompt provided to the caregiver, gender will have no impact on patient and caregiver discrepancy scores on patient symptom experiences." This study comprised a convenience sample of 126 dyads consisting of breast and prostate cancer patients, and their informal caregivers. Patients provided self-reports on the abbreviated Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS). Informal caregivers also completed the abbreviated MSAS under one of three randomly assigned instructional set conditions: neutral, imagine-patient perspective-taking, and imagine-self perspective-taking. The imagine-patient prompt was effective in reducing caregiver discrepancy across symptoms and underlying dimensions in comparison to the imagine-self prompt. However, the least discrepancy between patients and caregivers occurred in the neutral condition. The greatest discrepancy by caregivers occurred in imagine-self condition. For the most part, there was no significant interaction effect between caregiver gender and induced perspective-taking across each of the symptoms and underlying frequency, severity, and distress. These results lend support for Pickard and Knight's multiple proxy perspectives model in that different perspective-taking prompts can result in varying levels of perceptual agreement, of which clinicians need to be aware to deliver sensitive patient and family centered care.