The City of Richmond was directed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to prepare local strategies in support of Virginia's Chesapeake Bay Phase II TMDL Watershed Implementation Plan (WIP). The City of Richmond identified specific BMP strategies that reduce nutrients and sediment from entering the James River and ultimately the Chesapeake Bay while seeking costeffective solutions that optimize existing City owned infrastructure, and acknowledge that the City has limited authority to impact private property. An analysis was performed to determine the most economical direction for the City to include within their WIP, by evaluating the potential impacts and associated costs of various BMPs within the City in relation to the Chesapeake Bay TMDL, using the publicly available Virginia Assessment Scenario Tool (VAST).

Microconstituents, emerging containments, endocrine disrupting chemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and other natural and manmade substances pose a new challenge to traditional municipal wastewater treatment plant designers. These various contaminants and compounds are receiving increasing attention as trace concentrations are being detected in waters worldwide. As federal and state agencies begin to consider regulatory options, municipal wastewater treatment facilities and facility designers need to develop options as typical facilities are designed for 20-30 year build-out conditions.According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published documents, "Sewage systems are not equipped for PPCP removal. Currently, there are no municipal sewage treatment plants that are engineered specifically for PPCP removal or for other unregulated contaminants. Effective removal of PPCPs from treatment plants varies based on the type of chemical and on the individual sewage treatment facilities. The risks are uncertain and the numbers of PPCPs are growing."Ongoing research suggests that existing facilities are capable of treating some microconstituents, forcing treatment plant designers looking to upgrade or expand a facility to evaluate what mechanism or technology is most effective to treat these compounds. Cost implications and reliability of treatment are inherent to this discussion. With unknown risks and the number of detected microconstituents growing, a pragmatic design approach is required.With this perspective in mind, a preliminary literature investigation was conducted with the objective of determining what is being removed in current treatment processes, the percent removal, and the technology performing the removal. The goal was to develop an approach to estimating the extent of PPCP removal to be expected based on treatment technology applied. The investigation focused on data and information available through industry organizations and research foundations. The data and information from the various sources were consolidated into a table that focused on 32 compounds and attempted to determine the mechanism/technology within the treatment train responsible for removal. The review of the data and information produced some interesting results. It was noted that there is limited work on conventional technologies. Furthermore, because a large percentage of the work to date has focused on removals across the entire treatment train, there is limited information on the performance of individual technologies. . Based on information available, the table was broken into the following technology focus areas:• Primary clarification • Activated sludge at a solids retention time (SRT) less than five days • Activated sludge at a SRT greater than five days • Membrane bioreactor

Wet weather treatment for water resource recovery facilities involves the integration of various treatment processes, systems, and ancillary support systems to be operated over a wide range of conditions and scenarios. Planners and designers need to holistically understand these systems in order to develop cost effective and sound operational strategies. There are a variety of options and approaches that can be implemented at various stages within the treatment process and depending on local facility conditions can provide cost effective strategies to meet with the challenging and demanding tasks associated with treating wet weather events. Members of the WEF Municipal Wastewater Treatment Design Committee are finalizing a WEF Special Publication entitled Managing Wet Weather Events at Water Resource RecoveryFacilities Special Publication. This WEF Special Publication focuses on wet weather design issues and effects on operations. Historically, publications provided design peak factors for wet weather events, yet there is limited work that incorporates the effects of these events on both design and operation. Unlike other available publications, this publication addresses both wastewater treatment plant design and operations practices related to wet weather flows, as well as expanding on the peculiarities of wet weather from both design and operational perspectives. This paper provides a general discussion of various wet weather treatment techniques and provides a summary overview of facility process presented within the pending publication.