This article aims to illustrate a school self-evaluation project implemented in three Cyprus primary schools. The project adopted three theoretical assumptions, namely, an orientation towards school improvement, a participatory school-level approach allowing support from a critical friend and a focus on effective teaching. In line with a seven-stage model, the project employed action-research strategies, involving data collection to inform the development of school plans. To highlight paths towards school improvement in the particular context, the article discusses researchers' and participants' perspectives. Repercussions are then drawn for the implementation of similar practices, drawing on the roles of teachers, school leaders and critical friends, as well as appropriate resources, in support of self-evaluative activity.