Incorporation of radiology into anatomy education is a frequently used teaching strategy. Our purpose was to investigate to what extent virtual reality can play a significant role when radiology is taught in conjunction with anatomy. PubMed, SCOPUS, Education Resources Information Center, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles with the aim to evaluate the outcomes of incorporation of radiology in anatomy education, using virtual reality. From each included paper, the following data were extracted: authors, number of participants, type of study (comparative or not), level of outcome according to Kirkpatrick hierarchy, and outcomes of the use of virtual reality when radiology was incorporated in anatomy education. Seven papers were included. From them, three were comparative and evaluated students’ academic performance after the educational intervention, while four were non-comparative and evaluated only students’ opinions about the intervention. In all studies, the use of virtual reality for the incorporation of radiology into anatomy teaching was positively perceived. Also, the three studies which evaluated academic performance showed that virtual reality was effective in terms of enhancing anatomy knowledge. The implementation of virtual reality for the incorporation of radiology into anatomy education has been accompanied by positive outcomes. These outcomes may encourage educators to teach radiology in conjunction with anatomy using virtual reality.

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Solitary extraskeletal osteochondromas are rare benign lesions usually located close to a joint and are characterized by the absence of continuity with the adjacent bone. They are usually found in the hand and feet and are extremely rarely reported in the growing skeleton.In this paper, we describe a four-year-old boy who presented with a solitary calcified tumor in the posterior part of his ankle. We performed a detailed evaluation using plain X-rays, a CT scan, and an MRI, which revealed a well-demarcated calcified tumor that had the characteristics of an osteochondroma but without any continuity with the bones of the ankle joint. The lesion was treated surgically with the excision of a giant osteochondral lesion. Pathological examination revealed mature cartilage at the periphery with cancellous bone in the central part.Thus, we present the clinical and laboratory investigation of a solitary extraskeletal osteochondroma in the ankle of a four-year-old boy, which is an extremely rare case.

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