While disaster management provides an ideal testbed for interorganizational collaborative networks that pursue disaster assistance goals, limited research examines how multiplexity in multidimensional networks hinders disaster recovery efforts. This study examines the collaborative networks formed by intra-sector and cross-sector relationships among governments and NGOs in the context of post-disaster recovery, using a nationwide survey in Taiwan. The findings suggest that more heterogeneous contexts and more diversified network members would increase the complexity of network in it, and thus affecting network effectiveness of disaster management. Furthermore, NGO actors have faced the dilemma of building mutual ties through interorganizational and homogeneous collaboration.

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The policy of forest certification in China is a collaborative tactic for environmental entities to influence local politics based on the declaration of a national “Five-Year Plan” by President Xi Jin-Ping in the 2010s. This is due to the homogeneous impact led by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to hybridize Chinese forestry management with organizational autonomy, policy participation, and power-sharing. While the Chinese public agencies learned professional knowledge and institutions from the IOs, they also required the FSC to embrace the Chinese characteristics of local politics, standards, and the legitimacy of international principles. Two findings from the research are revealing: First, the FSC and IO’s central role of civil empowerment enhanced the China’s power-sharing with local stakeholders for cultivating the China certification scheme; second, the FSC’s principle modification embraced the Chinese characteristics to reform the policy hybridization mechanism under the political culture of Administrative Absorption of Society. The innovative purpose of this research is to employ the homogeneous and heterogeneous dimensions to explore the influential factors of policy hybridization from a network perspective.