Introduction: Hyperprogressive disease (HPD), characterized by accelerated tumor progression, has been proposed as a new pattern of progression after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of HPD and investigate its predictive markers. Methods: Clinical and radiological findings of 335 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICI monotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Radiological data were quantitatively and longitudinally analyzed for tumor size and volume by comparing baseline and follow-up computerized tomography results. The findings were matched with individual genomic profiles generated by deep sequencing of 380 genes.

Prompt live-saving interventions, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), intravenous cannulation (IVC), and endotracheal intubation (ETI), are important for severely injured victims of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) disasters. Interventions sometime have to be performed by emergency medical service (EMS) personnel with personal protective equipment (PPE) worn in warm zones. We designed a randomized crossover simulation aimed to compare the performance of life-saving interventions in repetitive simulation of single-rescuer resuscitation wearing level-C PPE in the warm zone of a CBRN disaster. The success rate and completion time of IVC and ETI according to the presence of PPE were compared. The quality of 4-minute single-rescuer CPR was measured and compared as well. We found that the performance level of life-saving interventions performed in a simulated setting of disaster decreased when performed by EMS personnel wearing level-C PPE. Further efforts of optimizing current PPE for EMS personnel based on this study are needed.

Objective To investigate and document the disaster medical response during the Gyeongju Mauna Ocean Resort gymnasium collapse on February 17, 2014.Methods Official records of each institution were verified to select the study population. All the medical records and emergency medical service run sheets were reviewed by an emergency physician. Personal or telephonic interviews were conducted, without a separate questionnaire, if the institutions or agencies crucial to disaster response did not have official records or if information from different institutions was inconsistent.Results One hundred fifty-five accident victims treated at 12 hospitals, mostly for minor wounds, were included in this study. The collapse killed 10 people. Although the news of collapse was disseminated in 4 minutes, dispatch of 4 disaster medical assistance teams took at least 69 minutes to take the decision of dispatch. Four point five percent were treated at the accident site, 56.7% were transferred to 2 hospitals that were nearest to the collapse site, and 42.6% were transferred to hospitals that were poorly prepared to handle disaster victims. ConclusionIn the Gyeongju Mauna Ocean Resort gymnasium collapse, the initial triage and distribution of patients was inefficient and medical assistance arrived late. These problems had also been noted in prior mass casualty incidents. Keywords

The objective of study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality rates of disasters and mass casualty incidents (MCIs) over the past 10 yr in the administrative system of Korea administrative system and to examine their relationship with population characteristics. This was a population-based cross-sectional study. We calculated the nationwide incidence, as well as the crude mortality and injury incidence rates, of disasters and MCIs. The data were collected from the administrative database of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and from provincial fire departments from January 2000 to December 2009. A total of 47,169 events were collected from the NEMA administrative database. Of these events, 115 and 3,079 cases were defined as disasters and MCIs that occurred in Korea, respectively. The incidence of technical disasters/MCIs was approximately 12.7 times greater than that of natural disasters/MCIs. Over the past 10 yr, the crude mortality rates for disasters and MCIs were 2.36 deaths per 100,000 persons and 6.78 deaths per 100,000 persons, respectively. The crude injury incidence rates for disasters and MCIs were 25.47 injuries per 100,000 persons and 152 injuries per 100,000 persons, respectively. The incidence and mortality of disasters/MCIs in Korea seem to be low compared to that of trend around the world.