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A strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated FW431 T , was isolated from a mud cellar used for producing strong aromatic Chinese liquors. The strain was able to produce butanoic acid, an important component of the aroma style of Chinese liquors. Cells of strain FW431 T were straight or slightly curved rods with a polar endospore and peritrichous flagella. The major cellular fatty acids (.10 % of the total) were C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 v9c and C 18 : 0 . Biolog assays indicated that the strain preferably metabolizes palatinose, L-fucose, b-hydroxybutyric acid, L-rhamnose and a-ketobutyric acid among 95 carbon sources tested. FW431 T was related most closely to Clostridium ljungdahlii DSM 13528 T and Clostridium kluyveri DSM 555 T based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.0 and 94.2 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.4 mol%. Based on the evidence presented here, FW431 T (5CGMCC 1.5201 T 5KCTC 15519 T ) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Clostridium luticellarii sp. nov.The strong aroma style Chinese liquors are batch-brewed in mud cellars. During the month-long spontaneous solidstate fermentation involved, such cellars are in an anaerobic condition and contain high ethanol concentrations. The brewing process is able to accumulate diverse anaerobic and facultatively aerobic microbes (Wang et al., 2014). These adaptive micro-organisms are able to produce many low-molecular-mass organic acids, which are esterified to various esters or other volatile compounds, these determining the quality and aromatic style of the liquor (Fan & Xu, 2000;Jia, 2003;Hu et al., 2004;Xu et al., 2010;Zheng et al., 2011). Here we report the isolation and characterization of a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated FW431 T , isolated from a mud cellar. 2010) agar plates. The RCM had the following composition (per litre): 5 g glucose, 10 g tryptone, 3 g yeast extract, 5 g beef extract, 1 g soluble starch, 5 g NaCl, 3 g sodium acetate, 5 g L-cystine, 1 mg resazurin and 1.5 % agar. The pH was adjusted to 6.5 before autoclaving. The plates were incubated at 37 8C in an anaerobic system (MART Microbiology) filled with a gas mixture of N 2 /H 2 /CO 2 (8 : 1 : 1). The strain was picked as a single colony and further purified by transferring to fresh RCM agar plates several times. The purified strain was stored under liquid nitrogen in tubes containing 20 % glycerol solution.The 16S rRNA gene sequence was amplified from FW431 T using the method described by Wang et al. (2014). The sequence determined was 1441 bp long. A BLAST search of the 16S rRNA gene sequence against the GenBank database showed that the strain shared highest similarity with Clostridium ljungdahlii DSM 13528 T and Clostridium kluyveri DSM 555 T (95.0 and 94.2 %, respectively). Accordingly, further taxonomic identification was performed with these two reference strains, purchased from the Deutsche Sammlung von Micro-organismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ, Braunschweig, German). The Clostridi...

Cervus albirostris (white-lipped deer) is an endemic species in China. As the name implies, C. albirostris has a characteristic pure white marking around their mouth and on the underside of the throat. The animal is a typical alpine species normally living at the height of 3500-4300 m. In this study, by pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA gene sequences, we for the first time analyzed the gut bacterial community composition in eight feces samples of wild C. albirostris. From a total of 243,634 high-quality sequences, we identified 186 genera, included in 17 prokaryotic phyla in the feces. The relative proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were highly consistent in each individual sample. The most frequently detected genus was Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, ranging from 6.70 to 21.00%, displaying positively connections with the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group. The bacterial communities associated with C. albirostris provide the basic knowledge for further microbiological studies and facilitates the conservation efforts of this vulnerable deer species.

Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) has been widely used as a chemical coagulant in water treatment. However, little is known about the impact of PAC performance on the microbial community in sediments. In this study, the archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities in urban river sediments with and without PAC treatment were investigated. Prokaryotic diversity decreased at the PAC addition site (A2) and increased along with the river flow (from A3 to A4), while eukaryotic diversity was the opposite. The abundance of core microbiota showed a similar trend. For example, the dominant Proteobacteria presented the highest relative abundance in A1 (26.8%) and the lowest in A2 (15.3%), followed by A3 (17.5%) and A4 (23.0%). In contrast, Rozellomycota was more dominant in A2 (56.6%) and A3 (58.1%) than in A1 (6.2%) and A4 (16.3%). Salinity, total dissolved solids, and metal contents were identified as the key physicochemical factors affecting the assembly of core microorganisms. The predicted functions of archaea and fungi were mainly divided into methane cycling and saprotrophic nutrition, respectively, while bacterial function was more diversified. The above findings are helpful to enhance our understanding of microorganism response to PAC and have significance for water treatment within the framework of microecology.

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