Oncocytic tumors comprise a group of rare benign neoplasm of salivary glands, accounting for less than 1% of all salivary gland tumors. Nodular oncocytic hyperplasia characterized by multiple unencapsulated oncocytic nodules in the salivary glands is an extremely rare condition. We report a case of bilateral nodular oncocytic hyperplasia of parotid glands with parapharyngeal space extension in an 80-year-old woman whose initial presentation was recurrent parotitis. Our case may be the first report of nodular oncocytic hyperplasia in the parapharyngeal space, arising from the parotid gland. The patient underwent total parotidectomy and excision of parapharyngeal tumors using a transparotid transcervical approach, and at the 2-year follow-up, no evidence of recurrence was found.

Warthin tumor with ulceration of the surrounding skin is extremely rare, making it difficult to differentiate from parotid cancer in the clinical setting. We report a 65-year-old man with a Warthin tumor in the right parotid gland that had ulceration of the overlying skin. The patient presented with right upper neck mass 2 years ago. Ultrasound and fine needle aspiration were done, and Warthin tumor was suspected. One year later, the mass was enlarged with ulceration of the skin. Superficial parotidectomy with fusiform excision of the skin was performed, and histopathological diagnosis revealed a Warthin tumor with inflammatory change. We proposed that this unique manifestation may have been induced by fine needle aspiration, enlargement of the tumor, and ischemic changes secondary to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Foreign body ingestion is the most common reason for otolaryngology specialist consultations in emergency departments. Among the different types of foreign bodies, fish bones are the most common, particularly in Asian populations. In Taiwan, upper aerodigestive tract foreign bodies (UADT-FBs) are mostly managed by residents in the otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department. Considering the learning curve required for all procedures, different management types between residents, and possible resulting safety issues, this study explored the outcomes of UADT-FB management by residents in different years of ORL training. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The medical records of 2,283 patients who visited Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital’s Emergency Department for UADT-FB during June 2013–August 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The reviewed data included the demographic data of enrolled patients, outcomes of foreign body management, and follow-up chart records of the patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among the 2,283 patients, 1,324 (58%) were found to be negative for foreign bodies, and foreign bodies in 951 (41.7%) were removed immediately. In the negative finding (NF) group, 2 (4.9%) patients were later found to be positive for foreign bodies during follow-up in the outpatient department. One (2.4%) patient developed a deep neck infection and esophageal perforation. The percentage of NFs decreased from 62.58% in residents in the first half of their first year (R1a) to 54% for third-year residents (R3). Comparing R1a with R3, the number needed to harm for retained UADT-FBs after patients visited the emergency department was 12.2. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> This study provides data from 1 referral center regarding the management of UADT-FBs. With increasing resident training, the percentage of NFs declined from 62.58 to 54%. Young residents, especially those in the first 6 months of their training, should have senior residents perform a second examination if UADT-FBs are not found in suspected cases.

Background: In-laboratory, polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, the long waiting list and sleeping at a hospital make patients hesitate to undergo the examination, thereby delaying diagnosis. During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, sleep labs are almost closed, and the delay is worsening. The home sleep test (HST) enables subjects to be tested at home, a familiar and comfortable environment, without a long waiting list. This study assessed the accuracy of a type III HST in diagnosing OSAS in the Taiwanese population and identified factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy. Methods: This retrospective study included 67 patients with clinically suspected OSAS. All patients were allocated to receive both PSG and the HST. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) measured through PSG was used as the standard. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the HST in diagnosing and evaluating the severity of OSAS were analyzed. Results: Among the 67 patients, no significant difference was noted in the average AHI values obtained using PSG and the HST (p = 0.103). The AHI obtained from HST was significantly correlated with that obtained from PSG, with the correlation coefficient being 0.779 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the HST in diagnosing OSAS were 94.9%, 62.5%, and 91.0%, respectively, and 80.0%, 74.1%, and 77.6% in diagnosing moderate to severe OSAS. Furthermore, the difference in AHIs measured using the two tests were positively correlated with the severity of sleep apnea. Conclusion: The HST used in preliminary screening of patients with suspected OSAS achieved an accuracy of >90%. For patients with moderate to severe OSAS, the accuracy was below 80%. Therefore, for patients who receive an OSAS diagnosis through the HST, arrangement of PSG is recommended for determining the severity of the OSAS and giving proper treatment.

Background This study aimed to determine whether drug doses per kilogram of lean body mass (LBM) were associated with dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) events in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 179 HNC patients who underwent induction chemotherapy (IC) at a medical center from May 1, 2014, to May 31, 2021. HNC patients’ characteristics, tumor factors, IC regimen and dose, laboratory data, and body composition factors, including lean body mass (LBM) and skeletal muscle index (SMI), derived from CT, MRI, or PET scan images and drug dose per kilogram LBM were recorded. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) events were regarded as the primary outcome. Multivariate logistic regression was used to establish a novel risk score for DLT events by the abovementioned variables. The above-mentioned risk score was validated in another cohort. Results The overall DLT events during the first cycle of IC for 179 HNC patients was 24%. After stratifying by gender, docetaxel per kilogram LBM > 2.52 mg/kg (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–8.09), pre-treatment glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) > 40 U/L (aOR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.03–6.64), and history of chronic liver diseases (aOR, 3.98; 95% CI, 1.03–15.46) were significant variables in male HNC patients. The DLT events risk was categorized by summation of the above-mentioned risk factors for male HNC patients. Three risk groups were stratified by overall event of 17.6%, 25.8%, and 75%. The above-mentioned risk score had an acceptable discriminatory ability in another validation cohort. Conclusions Among male HNC patients treated with IC, docetaxel per kilogram LBM more than 2.52 mg/kg, pre-treatment GPT > 40 U/L, and history of chronic liver disease were significant risk factors for DLT events. Identifying high-risk patients could help physicians prevent severe/fatal complications among HNC patients undergoing IC, especially for the male individuals.