An effective Cu-catalyzed
selective formal carboxylation of C–F
bonds with an atmospheric pressure of CO2 is reported.
A variety of gem-difluoroalkenes, gem-difluorodienes, and α-trifluoro-methyl alkenes show high reactivity
and selectivity for this ipso monocarboxylation.
Under mild conditions, diverse important α-fluoroacrylic acids
and α,α-difluorocarboxylates are obtained in good-to-high
yields. Moreover, this operationally simple protocol features good
functional group tolerance, is readily scalable, and the resulting
products are readily converted into bioactive α-fluorinated
carbonyl compounds, indicating potential application in biochemistry
and drug discovery. Mechanistic studies reveal that fluorinated boronate
esters might be vital intermediates in this transformation.
Reductive carboxylation of organo (pseudo)halides with CO 2 is ap owerfulm ethod to providec arboxylic acids quickly.Notably,the catalytic reductive carbo-carboxylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons via CO 2 fixation is ah ighly challenging but desirable approach for structurally diverse carboxylic acids.T here are only af ew reports and no examples of alkenes via transition metal catalysis.W er eport the first asymmetric reductive carbo-carboxylation of alkenes with CO 2 via nickel catalysis.Avariety of aryl (pseudo)halides,s uch as aryl bromides,a ryl triflates and inert aryl chlorides of particular note,u ndergo the reaction smoothly to give important oxindole-3-acetic acid derivatives bearing aC3-quaternary stereocenter.T his transformation features mild reaction conditions,w ide substrate scope,f acile scalability,g ood to excellent chemo-, regio-and enantioselectivities.T he method highlights the formal synthesis of (À)-Esermethole, (À)-Physostigmine and (À)-Physovenine,a nd the total synthesis of (À)-Debromoflustramide B, (À)-Debromoflustramine Ba nd (+ +)-Coixspirolactam A; thereby, opening an avenue for the total synthesis of chiral natural products with CO 2 .
Diacids
are important monomers in the polymer industry to construct
valuable materials. Dicarboxylation of unsaturated bonds, such as
alkenes and alkynes, with CO2 has been demonstrated as
a promising synthetic method. However, dicarboxylation of CC
single bonds with CO2 has rarely been investigated. Herein
we report a novel electrochemical ring-opening dicarboxylation of
CC single bonds in strained rings with CO2. Structurally
diverse glutaric acid and adipic acid derivatives were synthesized
from substituted cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes in moderate to high
yields. In contrast to oxidative ring openings, this is also the first
realization of an electroreductive ring-opening reaction of strained
rings, including commercialized ones. Control experiments suggested
that radical anions and carbanions might be the key intermediates
in this reaction. Moreover, this process features high step and atom
economy, mild reaction conditions (1 atm, room temperature), good
chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance, low electrolyte concentration,
and easy derivatization of the products. Furthermore, we conducted
polymerization of the corresponding diesters with diols to obtain
a potential UV-shielding material with a self-healing function and
a fluorine-containing polyester, whose performance tests showed promising
applications.
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