silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with well orientation and crystallization are synthesized by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process, and doped as n-type by an ex situ process using spin on dopant (SOD) technique. The ex situ doping process using SOD was based on solid-state diffusion, which comprised two stages: pre-coating and drive in. The phosphorous concentration in SiNWs was controlled by appropriate selections of the drive in temperature and the time period, which are 950 o C and 5-60 min in the present studies. The doped nanowire can be readily made into a temperature sensor with much better resolution and response. Calibration of the SiNW temperature sensor at different doping level has been performed. With a concentration of 4 x 10 15 atoms/cm 3 the SiNW sensor has the best temperature resolution (6186 / o C) and sensitivity in this study.

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Background We analyzed the efficacy of the interface design of speech generating devices on three non-verbal adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in hopes of improving their on-campus communication and cognitive disability. The intervention program was created based on their social and communication needs in school. Two operating interfaces were designed and compared: the Hierarchical Relating Menu and the Pie Abbreviation-Expansion Menu.Methods The experiment used the ABCACB multiple-treatment reversal design. The test items included: (1) accuracy of operating identification; (2) interface operation in response to questions; (3) degree of independent completion. Each of these three items improved with both intervention interfaces.ResultsThe children were able to operate the interfaces skillfully and respond to questions accurately, which evidenced the effectiveness of the interfaces.ConclusionsWe conclude that both interfaces are efficacious enough to help nonverbal children with ASD at different levels.