An online monitoring technology of Pu-239 aerosol based on aerosol direct introduction device, membrane desolvation nebuliser and ICP-MS was established for workplaces of reprocessing plants. Briefly, 0.8 l min−1 Pu-239 aerosol from the workplace was introduced into the aerosol direct introduction device where the air was replaced by Argon, and then the aerosol was introduced into the ICP-MS for measurement. To determine the activity of Pu-239 aerosol, 1.10E−3 Bq ml−1 Pu-242 standard solution generated by a membrane desolvation nebuliser was used. The introduction efficiency of the nebuliser was determined by sampling the aerosol generated from the nebuliser with Lead Standard Solution by glass fiber filter, which was (26.82 ± 3.33) %. The mass bias between Pu-239 and Pu-242 for the ICP-MS measurement was determined by Pu-239 and Pu-242 standard solutions generated by the nebuliser, and mass discrimination correction factor for Pu-239/Pu-242 was 0.972 ± 0.010. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of this system were calculated according to the ISO 20 899:2018, which were 2.24E−05 Bq m−3 and 7.45E−05 Bq m−3 with 1 min measurement. The main interference which was from U-238 was determined by U-238 standard solution generated by the nebuliser, and the interferences of U-238 to 239 was (8.50 ± 1.05) E−05. According to the counts of U-238 from several workplaces of reprocessing plant where this system was tested, 239 counts rate from the interferences of U-238 of those workplaces were at the same level of the system background counts, which meant that the LOD above was suitable for those places.

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Low-energy radiation is primarily involved in the spent fuel treatment process in a specific nuclear facility, but if it is not shielded, it will still have an impact on worker health. In light of this unique low-energy environment, the Monte Carlo simulation software geant4 is used to simulate and calculate the effect of doping many rare earth elements into glove rubber materials on the shielding effect of low-energy gamma radiation. The results show that some rare earth elements have a good gamma radiation shielding effect, and their chemical toxicity is lower than that of the traditional shielding material lead. This paper demonstrates that selecting rare earth materials for glove box gloves in a suitable energy range is reasonable, and that incorporating suitable rare earth elements into glove materials can improve the energy attenuation rate of composite protective materials. Experiments are used to create the material that can be used to make glove box gloves. The radiation shielding experiment shows that this material's shielding rate to 59.5keV energy can reach 33%~41%, and its other physical properties are good. Based on this finding, we believe that this material can be used to replace lead-containing gloves in some situations and can be used to design related shielding and protective equipment.

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