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Background/Objective: Gait speed is an important indicator for assessing overall health status. Previous studies have reported the important role of sensory function in gait speed; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to examine whether cognition mediates the association of sensory function with gait speed among English older adults. Methods: Gait speed was assessed by "timed walking test". Hearing was measured by using a hearing screening device. Vision was self-reported. Cognition was assessed by questionnaire. Baron and Kenny's causal steps method and Sobel test were used to examine the mediating effect. Results: Among 4,197 participants aged 60 years and older, 13.5% had poor hearing and 12.6% had poor vision, 2.6% had both poor hearing and poor vision. Multiple linear regression models suggested that poor hearing (␤ = -1.905, p < 0.001), poor vision (␤ = -1.309, p = 0.004), and poor dual sensory function (␤ = -2.442, p = 0.013) was associated with worse cognition. Cognition was correlated with gait speed (␤ = 0.004, p < 0.001). Poor hearing (␤ = -0.072, p < 0.001), poor vision (␤ = -0.031, p = 0.029), and poor dual sensory function (␤ = -0.081, p = 0.011) was associated with slower gait speed. After introducing cognition into the models, regression coefficients between sensory function and gait speed decreased (␤ = -0.066, p < 0.001 for hearing; ␤ = -0.027, p = 0.054 for vision; ␤ = -0.073, p = 0.020 for combined hearing and vision). Sobel test identified the significant mediating effect of cognition on the association between sensory function and gait speed. Conclusion: Cognition partially mediates the association between sensory function and gait speed. Efforts to maintain mobility performance in older adults should consider protecting both sensory function and cognition.

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Background: Although previous studies have reported the benefits of physical activity (PA) to lung function in middle-aged and older adults, the biological mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to assess the extent to which C-reactive protein (CRP) mediates the association between leisure-time PA and lung function. Methods: A population-based sample was recruited from English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), Wave 6 (2012-2013). PA was self-reported by questionnaires. CRP was analyzed from peripheral blood. Lung function parameters including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured by using a spirometer. Baron and Kenny's causal steps method and multiple linear regression models based on the Karlson/ Holm/Bree (KHB) method were used to assess the mediating effect. Results: Among 6875 participants, 28.4% were classified into low PA, 49.8% into moderate PA, and 21.8% into high PA. Multiple linear regression models suggested that higher PA was associated with lower levels of CRP (β = − 0.048, P = 0.002 for moderate PA; β = − 0.108, P < 0.001 for high PA). CRP negatively correlated with FEV1 (β = − 0.180, P < 0.001) and FVC (β = − 0.181, P < 0.001). Higher levels of PA were associated with better FEV1 (β = 0.085, P < 0.001 for moderate PA; β = 0.150, P < 0.001 for high PA) and FVC (β = 0.131, P < 0.001 for moderate PA; β = 0.211, P < 0.001 for high PA). After introducing the CRP into the models, regression coefficients of PA with FEV1 (β = 0.077, P < 0.001 for moderated PA; β = 0.130, P < 0.001 for high PA) and FVC (β = 0.123, P < 0.001 for moderated PA; β = 0.188, P < 0.001 for high PA) decreased. The indirect effect of high PA on lung function via CRP was significant, with 9.42-12.99% of the total effect being mediated. Conclusions: The association between PA and lung function is mediated by CRP, suggesting that this association may be partially explained by an inflammation-related biological mechanism. This finding highlights the possible importance of PA in systemic inflammation and lung function, thus, middle-aged and older adults should be encouraged to enhance PA levels.

responder7216.16 and the total cost of 2 nd non responder was 8762.63 : IA HA is a cost effective option either vs NSAIDs or vs IA-CCs (ICER are 32081.17113 and 19617.53) respectively Conclusions: IA-HA in treatment of mild to moderate OA patients is cost -effective option based on who (3GDP/ Capita) .