Background Upregulation of Stathmin 1 (STMN1), a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that controls the dynamics of cellular microtubules, is linked to malignant behavior and poor prognosis in a range of malignancies. However, little research has been done on STMN1’s potential role in HCC as a single factor in DNA methylation, m6A, or immunological modulation. Results STMN1 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, where it is related to clinicopathological parameters and affects the prognosis of HCC patients. STMN1 overexpression plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Meanwhile, methylation of 7 CpG sites of STMN1 in HCC was correlated with prognosis, and STMN1 expression was closely related to m6A modification. In addition, STMN1 expression is associated with immune cell infiltration, immune molecules, and immune checkpoints in HCC. Conclusion STMN1 has a significant role in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prediction. STMN1 is implicated not just in the onset and course but also in the immunological modulation of the disease. DNA methylation and m6A are both linked to STMN1. Therefore, STMN1 could be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC, as well as a target for immunotherapy.

SMYD 3 is a member of the SET and myeloid‐Nervy‐DEAF‐1 (MYND) domain‐containing protein family of methyltransferases, which are known to play critical roles in carcinogenesis. Expression of SMYD 3 is elevated in various cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and is correlated with the survival time of patients with ESCC . Here, we dissect gene expression data, from a previously described KYSE 150 ESCC cell line in which SMYD 3 had been knocked down, by integration with the protein–protein interaction ( PPI ) network, to find the new potential biological roles of SMYD 3 and subsequent target genes. By construction of a specific PPI network, differentially expressed genes ( DEG s), following SMYD 3 knockdown, were identified as interacting with thousands of neighboring proteins. Enrichment analyses from the DAVID Functional Annotation Chart found significant Gene Ontology ( GO ) terms associated with transcription activities, which were closely related to SMYD 3 function. For example, YAP 1 and GATA 3 might be a target gene for SMYD 3 to regulate transcription. Enrichment annotation of the total DEG PPI network by GO ‘Biological Process’ generated a connected functional map and found 532 significant terms, including known and potential biological roles of SMYD 3 protein, such as expression regulation, signal transduction, cell cycle, cell metastasis, and invasion. Subcellular localization analyses found that DEG s and their interacting proteins were distributed in multiple layers, which might reflect the intricate biological processes at the spatial level. Our analysis of the PPI network has provided important clues for future detection of the biological roles and mechanisms, as well as the target genes of SMYD 3.

As an interface of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, wetland is a hotspot of the global nitrogen cycle. Ammonia oxidation is an essential part of the nitrogen cycle and is conducted by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Based on the amoA gene, the distribution and genetic diversity of AOA and AOB in the marsh wetland soil with different soil layers and vegetation had been investigated. The result showed that both soil layer and vegetation significantly influenced the diversity and abundance of AOA and AOB. AOB dominated numerically in all soil samples. The average bacterial amoA gene copies (2.62 × 10 copies/g dry soil) was 100-fold higher than the average archaeal amoA gene copies. In the soil sample under the Phragmites australis, the highest archaeal amoA gene was in depth 20-40 cm, whereas the bacterial amoA gene was more abundant in depth 0-20 cm. For the soil under Calamagrostis angustifolia, the highest archaeal and bacterial amoA gene were both detected in depth 0-20 cm. The dominated AOA was cluster AII, which was most related to the amoA gene found in aquatic habitat. Cluster BI accounted for 59.1% of bacterial amoA gene and it was related to the amoA gene found in the terrestrial habitat. CCA analysis revealed that NO was the main factor for AOA and AOB community structure in the P. australis soil. However, NO and NH were important factors for AOA and AOB in the soil under C. angustifolia.

Background We aimed to investigate the prevalence, relative risk factors, and the impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) with coexisting overactive bladder (OAB) in men aged over 50 and living in Shanghai Pudong New Area. Methods Using a multi-stage sampling and descriptive epidemiological method, 1632 men were selected from among the general population. Participants completed an evaluation of lower urinary tracts symptoms (LUTS), including international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires. Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire. In addition, the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) and King’s health questionnaire (KHQ) were used to assess the impact of BPO with coexisting OAB on the HRQoL. Maximum flow rate (Q max ), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were also recorded. Results A total of 1476 men with complete data were analyzed. The overall prevalence of BPO with coexisting OAB was 39.6%. Age and prostate volume were associated risk factors for BPO with coexisting OAB. In addition, BPO with coexisting OAB negatively impacted the HRQoL, with increased IPSS, QoL, OABSS, and KHQ scores and decreased IIEF-5 scores compared to that in patients with BPO without OAB. Conclusions Q max , PVR and serum PSA did not predict whether the patients had a combined BPO + OAB or not. The prostate volume and age were associated risk factors for BPO with coexisting OAB. BPO is a progressive disease and may be one of the risk factors for OAB.