The mandible's contour determines the shape of the lower part of the face and thus influences the appearance of the face and neck. There are two types of operative procedures that can be used on mandibular contour and they do not require orthodontic treatment: mandible angle reduction and genioplasty. We divided the mandible angle reduction group into Types A, B, and C according to the grade of angle protrusion. Type A needs just an angle resection, Type B needs an angle resection and resection of part of the body, and Type C needs resection of the angle, the body, and part of the symphysis. We have performed 258 mandibular contouring procedures. In genioplasty, shaving, advancement, shortening, and lengthening generally can be employed. Furthermore, when vertical lengthening is used, ostectomized mandible angle bone is carved and then grafted between the horizontal osteotomy site. Of the mandible angle reduction cases, 21 were Type A, 186 were Type B, and 28 were Type C. The curved ostectomy is most important in mandible angle reduction cases in order to achieve a more natural curve of the mandible's lower border. A total of 71 patients were very pleased with the results of the combined procedures of genioplasty and angle reduction.

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In the Orient, prominent malar regions are considered unaesthetic and the majority of women with a prominent malar want to reduce the zygoma. Various operative procedures such as shaving or chiseling the zygomatic body or the zygomatic arch have been used for reducing malar eminence, but the zygomatic arch cannot be reduced sufficiently by these methods. By combining intraoral shaving of the zygomatic body and a new effect arch infracture technique through a temporopreauricular incision, we have obtained very satisfactory results in 19 cases and notable minimal complications over the last three years.

Our report describes a simple method of functional reconstruction of the philtral ridge in patients with repaired cleft lip. Philtral reconstruction was performed in 21 children with dehiscence of the orbicularis oris in repaired cleft lip. Prominent groove at the philtral column and lateral bulging during maximal "pucker" were the indications. First, the abnormally inserted orbicularis muscle is freed and realigned in a normal horizontal orientation. The muscle is vertically incised and repaired with vertical mattress sutures, spreading out the muscle to increase the thickness of the philtral ridge. The philtral ridge is accentuated by deepening the dimple with a dermal suture at the midline. Postoperative evaluation was performed at 8-18 months (mean; 13.1 months). The philtrum was evaluated by a panel using two visual scales. Eminence of the philtral ridge was scored by a five-point grading scale and the philtral dimple was scored by a three-point grading scale, both at resting and at maximal pucker. Preoperative scores showed the philtral ridge to be from "prominent groove" to "flat" at maximal pucker and at rest, respectively. Postoperative scores showed improvement of the philtral ridge to "less prominent than the normal philtral ridge" both at rest and at maximal pucker. The philtral dimple preoperative scores ranged from "no dimple" to "slight dimple" and postoperative improvement to "slight dimple" to "prominent dimple." This technique of functional reconstruction of the philtrum gave satisfactory results in formation of the philtral ridge and dimple, both at rest and at maximal pucker.