H ypertension is the most commonly found chronic illness that constitutes a major public health problem all over the world, causing people to meet untimely deaths. It has been estimated that by the year 2025 the number of adults who are stricken with hypertension will rise to 1.56 billion. 1 Moreover, each year, the number of adults who died from hypertensive complications is almost eight million. 2 Thus, hypertension is termed a "silent killer." This is because during the initial stage of hypertension, there are no symptoms. 3 Data from The Fifth Physical Examination of the Thai Population in 2014 has reported that the prevalence rate of hypertension is 24.7%, and it ranks fourth among the leading causes of death of the Thai population. 4 The incidence rate of hypertension has increased to 66,567 persons per year 5 and approximately one in five persons with hypertension have received treatment but cannot control their blood pressure levels (< 140/90 mmHg). 6 At present, the health promotion of the world population emphasizes development of fundamental components of health literacy of individuals Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to examine the relationship among selected factors, health literacy and clinical outcomes among community dwellers with hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples of 360 persons with hypertension aged 20 years old and over were selected using proportional stratified random sampling with simple random sampling from 6 sub-district Health Promoting Hospitals in Muang District, Prachinburi Province. The instrument was used to screen subjects who were 60 years old and older with The Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). Health literacy was used for hypertension questionnaires and record clinical outcomes to elicit data regarding blood pressure levels, body mass index, and waist circumference. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including chi-square test. RESULTS: The findings revealed that most participants had inadequate overall health literacy (53.1%), inadequate health literacy on functional, interactive and critical health literacy subscale (47.8%, 60.3%, 40.0% respectively) and that there was a significant correlation between selected factors and overall health literacy with statistical significance (p < 0.01) were age, educational background, income, community roles, and severity of illness whereas gender, having co-morbidity and duration of living with hypertension was not associated. In addition, there was a significant correlation between health literacy level and clinical outcomes with systolic blood pressure with statistical significance (p < 0.05) whereas diastolic blood pressure, Body mass index (BM) and waist circumference was not associated. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that healthcare teams should provide health information and hypertension education programs focusing on target populations, particularly to persons with inadequate health literacy including the elderly, those with low education and of...