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Basin-scale sampling for high frequency oceanic primary production (PP) is available from satellites and must achieve a strong match-up with in situ observations. This study evaluated a regionally high-resolution satellite-derived PP using a vertically generalized production model (VGPM) with in situ PP. The aim was to compare the root mean square difference (RMSD) and relative percent bias (Bias) in different water masses around Taiwan. Determined using light–dark bottle methods, the spatial distribution of VGPM derived from different Chl-a data of MODIS Aqua (PPA), MODIS Terra (PPT), and averaged MODIS Aqua and Terra (PPA&T) exhibited similar seasonal patterns with in situ PP. The three types of satellite-derived PPs were linearly correlated with in situ PPs, the coefficients of which were higher throughout the year in PPA&T (r2 = 0.61) than in PPA (r2 = 0.42) and PPT (r2 = 0.38), respectively. The seasonal RMSR and bias for the satellite-derived PPs were in the range of 0.03 to 0.09 and −0.14 to −0.39, respectively, which suggests the PPA&T produces slightly more accurate PP measurements than PPA and PPT. On the basis of environmental conditions, the subareas were further divided into China Coast water, Taiwan Strait water, Northeastern upwelling water, and Kuroshio water. The VPGM PP in the four subareas displayed similar features to Chl-a variations, with the highest PP in the China Coast water and lowest PP in the Kuroshio water. The RMSD was higher in the Kuroshio water with an almost negative bias. The PPA exhibited significant correlations with in situ PP in the subareas; however, the sampling locations were insufficient to yield significant results in the China Coast water.

Background: Several investigators have developed health promoting lifestyle instruments for adult population. However, few instruments in Taiwan have focused on health-promoting lifestyle measurements from the perspective of children. Methods:The Children Health Promotion scale (CHP) was developed to focus on health promotion among children. The content validity was supported on the observations of a 6-member panel of experts. Here, based on the responses of 681 Taiwanese children, we examined the construct validity and reliability of the CHP as well as its psychometric properties through factor analysis and reliability measures. Results:The results of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's sphericity tests indicated that our sample fulfilled the factor analysis criteria. Moreover, the factor analysis yielded a 6-factor instrument, explaining 52.5% of variance in all 32 items; the 6 factors were myopia prevention, stress management, health maintenance behaviors, nutritional behaviors, physical activities, and basic health-promoting behaviors. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale was 0.92 and alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.71 to 0.85. Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the CHP has satisfactory construct validity and reliability for Taiwanese children. School health providers can therefore use the CHP for children's health promotion efforts.