ABSTRACT. Surgical outcome and complications following evisceration and implantation of intraocular silicone prosthesis (ISP) in 20 canine eyes with end-stage glaucoma were analyzed, including clinical signs, complications, cosmetic appearance, and owners' responses. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 312 days. Major short-term surgical complications were central corneal ulceration (6/20) and infections (3/20), while long-term complication was keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) (2/20). All patient owners (100%) showed satisfied with the surgical outcome and postoperative cosmetic effect including 85% of the owners gave an excellent or good rating of satisfaction. No more medication needed for long term control except the KCS cases. With careful case selection and postoperative care, evisceration with ISP implantation proves a good and safe surgical procedure with minimal complications for end stage glaucoma. KEY WORDS: complications, end-stage glaucoma, intraocular silicone prosthesis (ISP).J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(8): 847-850, 2007 End stage glaucoma is clinically characterized by a persistent increased intraocular pressure (IOP) with buphthalmos, ocular pain, and refractory to medical treatment [4,19]. This stage is commonly seen in dogs usually due to failure of early correct diagnosis or treatment, or rapid progression of the disease itself.The treatment options for painful blind eyes caused by glaucoma include cyclocryotherapy or laser cryoablation, intraocular prosthesis implantation, and enucleation [2, 4, 5-8, 15, 17-19]. However, the improvement of end stage glaucoma by cryo-and laser-therapy is usually limited [1,8,13,15,17]. Owners usually hesitate to have the dog received enucleation surgery. The intraocular prosthesis implantation has become a popular alternative for end stage glaucoma to offer a painless and cosmetically acceptable eye after surgery [6,7].Here we present 15 dogs/20 eyes with end stage glaucoma treated by evisceration and ISP implantation in Taiwan. The purpose of the study was to evaluate surgical complications, cosmetic appearance and owner responses following evisceration and ISP implantations in the dogs.Medical records of 20 canine eyes with end-stage glaucoma treated with evisceration and ISP implantation at the Ophthalmology Clinic of the National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital were analyzed. The dogs with intraocular infection or neoplasm were excluded for the procedure. The eyes with KCS or mild corneal ulcers were stabilized medically until substantial improvement or recovery prior to being considered to receive surgery. The eyes with pre-operatively stable and improving condition of KCS were also included for the surgery because postoperative size reduction of globe from buphthalmia and proper medical control of KCS usually work well for the cases with mild or moderate KCS cases. The cases of severe KCS were excluded for the surgery due to infection concern.The operated eyes were prepared and draped as routine intraocular surgery. A 5-8 mm, 120°~150°, dorsal l...

The effects of Lycium barbarum and Chrysanthemum morifolum extracts on diabetic retinopathy were evaluated. The diabetes model was induced by streptozotocin. Animals were divided into six groups: the control group received only vehicle; diabetic animal models received no treatment, insulin treatment, Lycium extract, Chrysanthemum extract, or a combination of Lycium and Chrysanthemum extracts, respectively. Retinal function was evaluated by electroretinography, and the diabetic progression was monitored by blood test for hyperglycemia. In addition, retinal histopathology and retinal glial reactivity were also investigated. The electroretinographic amplitudes of the a- and b-waves were significantly decreased in the diabetic animals, and the implicit time of the b-wave was also delayed, compared to the control group. However, reductions in the a- and b-wave amplitudes were not observed in the Lycium-treated group. Histopathological studies showed no significant differences between the Lycium-treated, Chrysanthemum-treated, Lycium/Chrysanthemum-treated groups, and the control group. The results of this study suggest that L. barbarum may have protective effects in diabetic retinopathy.

ABSTRACT. Maxillary bone epithelial cyst is rare in dogs. A 5-year-old, spayed female miniature schnauzer developed a swelling below the nasal canthus of left eye. Plain radiograph demonstrated a 1.5 cm diameter of radiolucent lesion on the maxillary bone anteroventral to the eye, and contrast dacryocystorhinography confirmed an obstructed nasolarcrimal duct. The swelling showed poor response to antibiotic treatment but responded well to oral prednisolone. Exploratory surgery revealed a cyst-like structure filled with brown serous fluid. Histopathological examination of the removed cyst revealed a double cuboidal epithelial cyst. The dog recovered rapidly after surgery, and the swelling had not recurred for a 36-month follow-up. It is the first case of periorbital bone epithelial cyst reported in an adult miniature schnauzer. KEY WORDS: bone epithelial cyst, miniature Schnauzer, periorbital swelling.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(9): 1001-1004, 2008 The periorbital swelling ventromedial to medial canthus is uncommon in the dog except for periorbital abscess or nasolacrimal diseases. The swelling in the dog may be associated with dacryocystitis [11], nasolacrimal duct obstruction and dilatation, or nasolacrimal neoplasm [7,12] The signalment and history of the patients are essential for deciding a correct direction of diagnosis approach. For example, the age of the patients is helpful to differentiate the likely causes of congenital abnormalities or neoplasm. The active outdoor dogs are prone to injury and traumatic abscess. Imaging examinations including regional radiograph, dacryocystorhinography and ultrasonography can detect anatomical abnormalities. Fine needle aspiration for cytology can confirm the contents of the cyst or cells of the mass.The purpose of this paper was to describe the unique characteristics of an uncommon bone epithelial cyst in an adult miniature schnauzer.Case history: A 5-year-old miniature schnauzer was referred to the ophthalmology clinic at the National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital (NTUVH) because of a recurred swelling ventromedial to the left eye for 2 months. The swelling had been aspirated and surgically drained twice by local clinics, but the swelling relapsed a few days after surgery. No obvious improvement of the swelling was noted after medical treatment at local clinics.Clinical examinations: The general health condition of the dog was good. Clinical examination revealed a firm swelling (1.5 cm in diameter) attached tightly beneath the left orbital bone, and no oral fistula was found during oral exploration. The pupillary light reflex (PLR) and menace of both eyes were normal. No other ocular abnormalities were found by slit-lamp biomicroscope and indirect ophthalmoscope. Fluorescein passage test showed no intact tear drainage through the left nasolacrimal duct. Cytology of the aspirated seromucoid fluid of the cyst revealed predominant macrophages and several neutrophils, without neoplastic cells. Bacterial and fungal cultures of the serous fluid were negative. Blood examina...