Wilms’ tumor is the most common type of renal tumor in children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play crucial regulatory roles in tumorigenesis. We aimed to study the expression profile and function of miR-27a-5p in Wilms’ tumor. miR-27a-5p expression was downregulated in human Wilms’ tumor tissues.

Background Laparoscopic or robot-assisted surgery has become the main pediatric minimal invasive surgery for a choledochal cyst (CDC). However, the Roux-en-Y jejunal limb was created extracorporeally in most reports and intracorporeally in a few reports using an endoscopic stapler. This study aimed to validate the safety and effectiveness of laparoscope-assisted Roux-en-Y jejunal limb created intracorporeally in pediatric minimal invasive surgery for a choledochal cyst (CDC) by hand-sewing. Methods Patients diagnosed with CDC between January 2020 and April 2022 were included in this retrospective analysis. We collected data on clinical characteristics, operative details, time for performing hand-sewn jejunum-jejunum anastomosis, and postoperative outcomes. Results Hand-sewn laparoscope-assisted Roux-en-Y jejunal limb was performed successfully in 21 cases. The median age of the patient was 5.8 years. The median age at surgery was 3.3 ± 3.1 years (26 days–13.6 years). The types of cysts included 12 Ia, 7 Ic, and 2 IVa. The mean operative duration was (216.5 ± 25.2) min, intraoperative bleeding volume was7 ± 2.3 ml, average postoperative time to start oral intake was 2.1 ± 0.4 days, average postoperative drainage tube indwelling time was 2.6 ± 1.1 days, and postoperative hospital stay was 5.3 ± 1.1 days. The follow-up period was 6 to 25 months. Complications (including anastomotic stenosis or fistula, pancreatitis, cholangitis, or death) were not observed in any patients. Conclusions Total laparoscope-assisted construction of hand-sewn Roux-en-Y limb, excision of the cyst, and hepaticojejunostomy are feasible and safe in the treatment for pediatric CDC. It may also has the following advantages: rapid recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function, short hospitalization, no age limit on the patient and no additional hospitalization costs.

Little is known about differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternative splicing (AS) landscapes in congenital lung malformations (CLMs). We applied reference‐based assembly of sequencing reads from RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) libraries to identify DEGs and AS landscapes in the lesions and normal lung tissue from the most common types of CLMs, including congenital pulmonary airway malformation‐Ⅰ (CPAM‐Ⅰ), CPAM‐Ⅱ, intralobar sequestration (ILS), and ILS with CPAM (ILS‐CPAM). We analyzed the expression profiles and related biological functions of AS events (ASEs). We further constructed a co‐expression regulatory network between RNA binding protein (RBP) genes and corresponding ASEs to explore the related pathways in the regulated network. Ten DEGs were identified in the four types of CLMs, including eight upregulated genes and two downregulated genes. Additionally, 16 differential ASEs were detected, including the genes MACF1, RFX2, and FBXL4. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment was mainly observed in embryonic visual malformation and apoptotic process, and the KEGG pathway mainly enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. We also detected 13 differentially expressed RBPs among 1979 DEGs in CPAM‐I, in which ASEs in the MACF1 gene and RBP genes TLR8 and PTRH1 were closely associated. Moreover, we confirmed that the expression levels of PTRH1, NSUN7, and DZIP1L abundantly increased and the expression levels of TLR8, MEF2A, and NIPBL decreased in the CPAM‐I lung tissue compared with the controls. It is suggested that ASEs in different types of CLMs is prominently different from normal controls, and ASEs differences occurring in CPAM‐I malformation tissue are dramatically different from other types, which demonstrates the complex pathogenesis of CLMs and provides foundations for future studies to elucidate the mechanisms of developing CLMs.