No abstract

Linoleic acid (LA) was extracted and purified from Idesia polycarpa Maxim.var. vestita Diels (IPMVVD) oil by urea adduction fractionation, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully employed to optimize the process. The optimal conditions for purification of LA from mixed fatty acids by urea adduction fractionation were as follows: a weight ratio of 4.4:1.0:1.0 (w/w/w) of methanol/urea/mixed fatty acids, a temperature of -5°C and a time of 24.6 h, respectively. Under these conditions the experimental LA yield (48.65%) agreed with the predicted value and the purity of LA was 98.74%.

Objective: The predictive accuracies of procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis of catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CABSI) vary widely. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the predictive value of PCT for CABSI.Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and studies published up to 10 March 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated to evaluate PCT predictive value using Stata 14.0 software. Results:The meta-analysis was composed of 7 studies, consisting of 347 subjects. Pooled analysis demonstrated that a high PCT was significantly correlated with CABSI (pooled OR = 23.36, 95%CI 12.43-43.91, P < .001) and medium heterogenicity (I 2 = 36.9%, P = .147). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 85% (95%CI 0.76-0.91) and 89% (95%CI 0.68-0.97), respectively. Although Begg funnel plot (P = .007) indicated the presence of publication bias among the included studies, the stability of the pooled outcomes was verified by the trim-and-fill method. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses did not show important differences in effect estimation. Conclusion:PCT is an effective predictor of CABSI. However, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether PCT could predict CABSI.Abbreviations: AUC = area under the curve, CABSI = catheter-associated bloodstream infection, CI = confidence interval, CVCs = Central venous Catheters, OR = odds ratio, PCT = procalcitonin, PQ = paraquat, QUADAS-2 = Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool.

4PL means the Fourth Party Logistics. Due to the limitations of 3PL,the 4PL can effectively resolve the defects and shortcomings of the 3PL; therefore, it receives intensive attention of the whole industry. This paper analyses the current development of the 4PL in Ningbo as well as its development strategies. Based on its problems, this paper further proposes corresponding resolutions, including strengthening the propaganda of the 4PL theories, developing the 3PL, and introducing and establishing logistics information platform, etc.